.bk A16
.fl R815lr.j
.fd human bones

.rd R806
.ri lr

.ed R806
.ei lr
.fn Given as a word document: A16.31, A16.123.doc

i 31

Zpa2bs Fe
Zpa1df hs
Zpa2ba Ad
Zpa7pr In good condition; 61% post cranium, 95% cranium, and 100% of ribs complete. The lower legs including tibiae, fibulae, and the feet were missing from the body. Teeth are in excellent condition with six missing post-mortem.
Zpa2da Biological age was estimated through a combined approach of various aging techniques.  Dental wear patterns visible on the mandibular molars estimates an age between 28-36 years (Miles 1962). Alterations of the pubic symphysis (Suchey and Brooks 1990) at stage 2-3 estimates this skeleton also within the range 25-34 years of age. The average of both methods suggests that this is a young adult 25-35 years at time of death. 
Zpa2sm Biological Sex was determined using sexually diagnostic characteristics of the pelvis and skull. The presence of the ventral arc, sub-pubic concavity, presence of preauricular surface, U-shaped greater sciatic notch, and a broad pelvis with overall gracile bones estimates this skeleton predominately within the female range. 
Zpa2es 145-154 cm (4'8-5'1)
Zpa2ms Trotter and Gleser 1952; formulae for "negro females" using a complete ulna at 242mm
Zpa4pt ta, pd, eh, cr
Zpa4pn Teeth are in excellent condition and display slight calculus build-up with medium periodontal disease. Carious lesions were visible on LM1 affecting the buccal root surface, LM2 at the enamel root junction on the distal end, and RM1 lingual side where a large abscess formed on the gum. Bone resorption was noted on the pubic symphyses, anterior surface with the pubic tubercle pulled out. The cervical vertebrae exhibit slight lipping, increased porosity, and Schmorl's nodes.  
Zpa5sn Stress Markers (MSM) visible on both deltoid tuberosities (slight) with the right humerus showing a deep groove for the long head of Biceps brachii, ulna on supinator crest with more pronounced points on the right side, and both linea aspera of the femur with the left more rugged. 
Zpa8bt sb
Zpa8go north-south
Zpa8tp late Khabur
Zpa8nb A16.31 was found within primary context inside an elaborate subterranean vaulted mud-brick tomb. The dimensions of the pit suggest that it may have housed two burials with the body placed to the east end leaving a sizeable gap in the west. Possibly this individual was removed which correlates to other funerary structures in the area that were found empty along with the absence of the lower limbs of A16.31 where not one foot bone was recovered suggests postmortem activity such as secondary reburial occurred. 

i 123
Zpa1df hs
Zpa1mi 1
Zpa2bs unknown
Zpa2ba infant
Zpa2da infant, 5-12 months of age estimated through multiple aging techniques. The diaphyseal length of the long bones; Humerus 66mm, Ulna 85mm, radius 74mm, tibia 95mm, femur 113 mm using Hoppa 1992 suggests this is an infant of 12 months. Bone ossification places this infant within 9-12 months of age with the mandible fused (>6-9 months) while the vertebral bodies remain un-fused (<12 months) via Buikstra and Ubelaker 1994.  Deciduous teeth formation estimates this infant within 5-10 months; canine at stage Crc= 5-8 months, molar 1 at stage r1/4= 5-10 months, and permanent molar 1 at Coc= 6 months via Moorees, Fanning and Hunt 1963; Smith 1991.
Zpa7sc gd
Zpa7pr The bones were found in good condition with 43% post cranium, 85% skull, and <75% of the ribs complete. 
Zpa4pt pr
Zpa4pl left ulna, left fibula
Zpa4pd The left ulna and fibula show signs of periostitis, an inflammation of the periosteum either through trauma or infection, with evidence of woven bone formation on the shaft that takes on a porous appearance.  The inflammation is nonspecific resulting from either periostitis as the primary disease or as a secondary reaction of another disease. No other skeletal lesions where noted. In archaeological skeletal material, periosteal inflammation of the long bones forms the most common pathological condition recorded (Ortner 2003).
Zpa9mu 85
Zpa9mr 74
Zpa9mt 95
Zpa9mf 113
Zpa8bt sj
Zpa8go W-E
Zpa8bo supine
Zpa8sf north
Zpa8tp early Khabur