.bk J03
.fl P918jw2.j
.fd view log, v30-v46
.fn corrections and additions made by jW on Q413 and Q510
.ei jW
.ed P918
.rd P904
.ri gM

v
30		ov	gk105 gf73	One of the layers of compacted fill, f73, behind monumental wall, f11, was composed of tibin, the raw material of mudbricks consisting of clean, dampened soil mixed with chopped straw.  This is a photograph of a sample of tibin showing phytoliths and decayed roots.
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31		N	gk12 gf72	As the excavation of locus k12 progressed, a large limestone block, f35, was uncovered along the west baulk.  Later, it was found to be the northernmost of a N-S row of seven such stones, f72, the subject of this view..  The stones were all at an elevation above the top layer of compacted fill, f34, which we believe formed the surface of the BA temple mound, which was bounded on its outer periphery by the monumental stone wall, f11.  It is unlikely that this row of stones was deposited naturally, but its function is unclear.  The most likely explanation is that it somehow formed the western boundary of the apron, f10, which was added in the Mittani period.  (The wall, f11, and temple mound were probably built much earlier in the Early Dynastic period.)
31a	t	ov	gk12 gf72	Subview, which is a closeup of the four southernmost stones of f72.
31b	t	ov	gk12 gf72	Subview, which is a closeup of the three northernmost stones of f72.
31c	w	S	gk12,104,105 gf72	Subview, which is a dirty photo showing that the stones in f72 are founded atop f34, the highest level of the temple mound, best seen in profile in the section of  the W baulk of k12 adjacent west of f72.
32				no buttress, cont. at lower levels under removed stones.
33		W	gk103 gf75	View showing a ring of small stones,f75, in the NW corner of locus k103, a sounding through many layers of empty accumulation which overlay the plaza associated with the BA temple mound.
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34		OV	gk12 gf78,79	View of two large limestone blocks that were located below the line of stones, f72, along the western baulk of k12.  The northernmost was f78 and the southernmost was f79.  They can be see to be about the same elevation as the top extant row of stones in the monumental wall, f11.  They could have been used to stablilize the fill behind the wall during construction or their foundations could have been dug into fill layer f34 to serve as a foundation for the southernmost two stones of f72.  Regrettably, in order to complete the excavtion on time, they were removed before a full analysis could be done.
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35		W	gk12,101 gf11,50,38,34,83,84,90	This view, a series of three photographs of the combined west baulks of loci k12, k101, and k11 shows the accumulations and fills on either side of the monumental wall, f11.  The purpose is to aid in the understanding of how the temple BA mound behind f11 was constructed and what it looked liked before it was abandoned.  Originally we believed that the extensive bakhia layer f50 was the top of the mound in antiquity.  However, subsequent layers of fill, f42/f90, f38, and f34 were placed on top of it and sealed again with a layer of bakhia, f83, (only a small part of which survived being eroded by water and wind after abandonment) and a level platform of bricks, f84, whose function is unknown.  This photo is a closeup taken just N of the wall, f11.  It illustrates the interface of the fill layers f34 and f38 with the wall and the remnants of the brick platform, f84, and bakhia, f83, which formed the top of the temple mound from the time of construction during the Early Dynastic period to as late as the Mittani period.
35a	w	W	gk12,101 gf11,34,38,83,84,90,50	This wide angle photo shows the general arrangement on the temple side of the wall.  The light brown accumulations nearer the surface are layers of loess deposited atop the abandoned mound.  The sloping surface in the lower right hand part of the photo is the first continuous layer of bakhia which sealed the compacted fills beneath.
35b	w	W	gk12,101,11 gf11,50,38,34,83,84	This wide angle photo focuses on the region immediately north and south of monumental wall, f11.  It illustrates that the accumulations and layers differ substantially.
36		W	gk11,12,101 gf11,43	Series of three final post-excavation photographs showing the W baulk of the combined loci, k11, 12, and 101.  This is the middle portion of the W baulk, which focuses on k101 in the vicinity of monumental wall, f11, and shows the interface between the wall, the ancient mound and the post-abandonment accumulations
36a	w	W	gk12,101 gf11	Sub-view of the northernmost of the photos, which focuses on k12 north of monumental wall, f11.
36b	w	W	gk11,101 gf11	Sub-view of the southermost portion of the W baulk, which focuses on k11 and k101 south of monumental wall, f11.
37		E	gk101 gf10	Final photograph of the limstone block apron, f10 of the monumental wall, f11.  We fashioned the rope harness to overcome the instability in the foundation structure caused by excavation of the typological column.
37a	t	OV	gk101 gf10	Sub-view closeup of the limestone block apron, f10, from overhead along the E baulk
38		S	gk12,101,104,105 gf10,11,50	Final photograph of the excavated portions of the monumental wall, f11, its apron, f10 and its terrace, f50
38a	m	N	gk12,101,104,105 gf10,11,50	reverse view
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39		ONE	gk104,105	This series of photographs constitute the record of the excavated components  of the lower portion of the typological column.  They illustrate how the wall and mound behind it were built.  First the wall stones were laid, then the mound was built up by application of successive layers of compacted fill obtained from various sources in and around the tell.  The layers were not uniform in compostion or deposition.  Some contained large amounts of ash, while others were relatively clean.  The sealing layers of bakhia that follow the slope of the mound indicate that it probably was built over several seasons and may have been built in several phases.
39a	t	E	gk104,105	E baulk
39b	t	W	gk104,105	W baulk
39c	t	N	gk104	N baulk
39d	t	S	gk104,105	S baulk, W
39e	t	S	gk104,105	S baulk, E
39f	t	N	gk105	N baulk
39g	t	S	gk104,105 gf11,80	Subview closeup of the inside (N) face of wall, f11, showing the packing, f80, which is called bakhia locally.  Although the picture could have been more sharply focused, one can clearly see the mortar-like bakhia which surrounds the stones of the wall.  We believe that the bakhia acted like a permiable membrane to regulate the flow of water through the wall structure without weakening the wall or damining the water behind it.  (Bakhia is a mixture of reddish clay and small kernals of limstone.)
39h	t	E	gk104,105	closeup of the narrow E baulk where the fill meets the packing, f80
40		N	gk103 gf52,53,56,63,76,77,81,82	Final photographs of the excavated portion of the locus, taken with the North baulk as the reference
40a	m	E	gk103	East baulk
40b	m	E	gk103	E baulk
40c	m	S	gk103	S baulk of the first step down
40d	t	W	gk103 gf76,77	Large stone in the NW corner, f77 which was imbedded in a layer of concrete, f76.
40e	m	W	gk103	W baulk
41		N	gk11,12,101,104 gf10,11,50	Final photograph showing the relationship between the monumental wall, f11, apron, f10, and bakhia packing, f50
41a	t	N	gk11,12,101 gf10,11,85,91	Subview closeup of interface of monumental wall, f11, and apron, f10, including two large floating stones, f85 and f90 just to the south of the south face.  It shows well the top and south (outside) face of f11.
42		ONN	gk11,12,1,21,101,102,103,104,105	Photograph taken from a high ladder to the south of the temple mound showing the geographic relationships among J1, J3, J2, and BA temple.
42a	t	ONN	gk11,12,1,21,101,102,103,104,105	Closeup focusing on the relationship between J3 and BA temple taken from high ladder
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43		E	gk11,101 gf7,8,9,11,13,30,43,86,87,88	Series of three photographs showing the E baulk of the combined loci, k11, 12, and 101.  This is the southernmost of the photos focusing on k101.
43a		E	gk11,12,101 gf10,11	This is the central photograph, focusing on the interfaces of the apron, f10 and the monumental wall, f11.
43b		E	gk11,12,101 gf10,11	This is the northernmost photgraph in the series, focusing on k12
44		N	gk101,11,12,104 gf10,11,43,50,85,91	Final photograph of the monumental wall, f11
44a	m	ONE	gk101 gf10,11	View from overhead
45		N	gk101 gf11,85,91	Final photograph of two large stones, f85 and f91, and their relationship with the monumental wall, f11.  The stones were part of a group that included f40 and f39 that had tumbled down from the terrace, probably in the late second millennium.  This photo show that they were not a part of the wall system, since they neither bond to or abut it.
45a	t	N	gk101 gf85,91	Closeup of the two stones.
46		SW	gk105 gf11,70,80,94	Final view of the bakhia sealing system for the inside face of the monumental wall, f11.
46a	t	SW	gk105 gf80,94	Closeup of a wall stone at the bottom of the excavated area showing that an ash deposit,f94 directly abutted the wall system, f11/f80.  This is strong evidence that the wall was not free-standing, but rather built course by course and supported with packed fill, which eventually was raised to form the terrace up from the lower monumental wall to the higher temple.
46b	t	S	gk105 gf80	Closeup of the bakhia, a local virgin soil that was used as a plaster to control the passage of water through the stones of the wall.