.bk A20 .fl S912lr.j .fd journal .ed S912 .ei lR .rd S912 .ri lR k 12 sm mxcavations in k12, the northwestern square, revealed a large mass of bricky material harder in the north and becoming softer to the south. To the far north, brick faces were found, defining a thick wall running west to east. This wall continued to go down for approximately a meter with no clear floor surface associated with it. f118, a brown compact layer found next to f84 is assumed to be the floor surface that f64 sits on however this remains unclear. To the south of f64, the bricky mass f52 and f82 both have the same floor surfaces f124, f123, and f117 underneath the bricky material making it clear that the bricky masses f52 and f82 are not walls, which I initially assumed. The multiple layers of hard compact floor surfaces with pottery pieces (f117, f123, f124) suggests the area was used for multiple periods of time and contrasts sharply to the multiple pavements in k13, f35, f112 and f122 with the floors in k12 much harder and denser. Inside the bricky mass f82, an installation was found labeled as f114 and f113. We described it as a bin containing three walls with several semi-circles inside the bin. These features were left unexcavated. A large amount of ash was found to the west of the bricky mass and wall f64 that continued to go down abutting the bricky mass for over a meter. At the end we really had no resolution since no good floor surface was found to indicate an outdoor street or a north-south wall to define f52 and f82 bricky mass. My general impressions are that this area was an outdoor area used as a kiln with f114 being the inside of a rectangular kiln and the ash f24 the waste from the kiln use. This would explain why f52 and f82 are so compact and the multiple floor surfaces as the kiln was continued to be reused and raised over time. k 2 sm similar to k12, this area was left unclear finding the square covered in f22 ash that formed an "L" shape abutting f98 bricky mass. Within the bricky mass a semi-circular area contained several bricks set within ash and appears to be associated with some kind of burning as the black charcoal stains would suggest. In conjunction with my interpretation of k12, this area looks like a production space, outdoor that repeatedly produced ash. Tannur fragments were found in the area of f98 and f103 and extending to the east to k3, a complete tannur was found suggesting the production space continued through from k12, k2, and k3. k 3 sm k3 appears to correlate with k2 and k12, forming a large outdoor production space where activities involving the use of fire occurred given that two tannurs f100 and f42 were found sitting in f36 ash, along with f68 brick pile forming a platform to sit f100 tannur into. The presence of a3 drainage system to the north complements that idea of an outdoor space with several rough pavements to the east, defining an "L" shaped pavement bordering a structure, walls f99 and f107. k 13 sm In k13 we found a large thick mudbrick wall running west to east along the north baulk with another wall f105 immediately to the south of the first wall. It remains unknown whether both these walls are contemporary with each other as they were found at similar elevations but clearly do not bond with each other. This type of wall construction was found in A18, with the inside walls of a structure supported by another wall on the outside, presumably to help support the inner wall which was vaulted. In k13, either this is the same situation with the southern wall under a3 drain, or that f41 is the inner wall with the room located to the north under the north baulk. To the south of these two walls, a drainage channel was found. The orientation or where the water would have drained into remains unclear with two channels, one to the north constructed of clay (f83) and is oriented southwest to northeast, and the other to the southeast constructed of stones leading into the street with pavements f112 f122. The features found in the area support the idea that this space was a production area, outdoor with multiple areas of firing with the drainage channel used in conjunction with these production activities. The deepest feature we have in k13 is the stone installation found in the last week of excavations that is under and earlier than the drainage channel. The stones are clustered together in an irregular pattern suggesting more of a tomb or grave rather than a pavement. k 14 sm In k14, two walls ^w1 and ^w2 were excavated along the north baulk, forming a thick wall running west to east. Two small rooms were also discovered a4 and a6, both containing cobblestone pavements at roughly the same elevation. The rooms are very small and narrow, forming perhaps a corridor, passageway, or street rather than the floor of a room. A vertical mudbrick pile, referred often as the box structure, was found resting on one of the cobblestone pavements in a6. The function of these bricks remains unknown and likely formed a type of platform during the reuse occupation period or part of a wall collapse although it doesn't seem plausible that a wall would fall this nicely. An entrance into the street/corridor is visible in the east between walls f86 and f152 containing a small door socket on one of the corners. k 4 sm This was the last locus to be opened this excavation season. Findings in this locus resulted in exposing the corner of a mudbrick structure (walls f107 and f99) and another wall f129 in the north. To the north and west of the structure, a beautiful pebble and sherd pavement was found, f112, representing one pavement in a series of three found in the same area. Similar to k12, a small bin was found to the south of wall f107 containing different soil than the outside area likely forming a place to store things during the reuse period (the soil was quite clean) with possibly the structure being earlier in construction contemporary to the construction of ^w1. The orientation of the walls is similar to f97 wall to the north but differs from the orientation of the larger walls ^w1 and ^w2 suggesting that f97 could be the northern walls of this structure. k 101 sm This area was excavated mostly in the later half of the excavation season and was previously excavated by area J1 then renamed A19 but subsumed by A20 thus no pottery lots or features technically exist under the label A19 with future plans to relabeled everything as A19. The stratigraphy was reconstructed using old notes and drawings for k101 excluding the easternmost locus since it was excavated all the way down to phase 2. The features that were present were incorporated into A20, given new feature numbers and re-described. No attempts were made to correlate earlier accumulations above these features to A20. k101 was the most interesting and deepest excavation area consisting of a large one room structure, a5, flanked by a stone courtyard to the west f108. The room was constructed of mudbrick walls with the walls from a1 structure abutting the walls of a5. A thin vertical brick wall was found along the western edge of a5 forming presumably an inner wall. The inside of a5 proved strange, with vertical bricks clustered together found inside followed by a stone installation and bricks in the northwestern corner. The stone installation f136 resembles an outline or cyst type tomb but as to why this is inside a room in unclear. The entrance to the structure is also unknown presumably in the south. k 15 sm In k15, we uncovered early in the excavation season a one room structure labeled as a1 resting on a nice stone pavement f57. It is unclear whether the walls of a1 were built specifically for the pavement with some doubts due to its flimsy construction. It seems more plausible that f86 and f157, mudbrick walls in the west, are the original walls for the room with an entrance between the two walls leading into the corridor a6 then into a4. The construction of this pavement is similar to the stones from f108 pavement as they are larger in side and lying more regular or flatter than the pavements in a4, a6, and a5. ^ w1 df w ds A thick large wall running west to east found in four loci, k12, k13, k14, and k15. This wall runs alongside the north wall and is bordered by another long wall to the south that abut each other. It is unclear whether ^w1 is earlier, later, or contemporary with the southern wall ^w2. This wall is likely the wall of another structure located in the north that abuts another structure of which, ^w2 forms the northern wall. The wall is constructed of three bricks in width but may be thicker as it runs under the northern section. >l f64 >l f41 >l f63 ^ w2 df w ds A mudbrick wall running west to east alongside ^w1 located immediately to the south of it, unknown if f52 labeled as bricky mass is also part of this wall. The relationship between these two walls is unclear however both are constructed with the same type of bricks and oriented the same. It is possible that these two walls abut each other and form the outer walls of two adjoining structures or that one of these walls buttresses the other, supporting it. Further excavation to the north and south is needed to define these walls. >l f105 >l f106 ;-sm This season we added significantly to our understanding of the Mittani occupation at Mozan helping to unify stratigraphically areas A19, A18, and A17. The link between the J area or temple terrace was not reached this season so we can't positively correlate the structures to the accumulations in area J. Both areas found thick Mittani deposits suggesting the area was actively used during the 200 years of occupation, functions shifting over time as earlier structures possibly linked to a mortuary complex were reused as an outdoor production area. The proximity of the temple should be considered with gB suggesting the earlier structures in A20 were directly linked in function to the temple as perhaps production areas or to service the temple. five occupation levels were identified, with the first being the construction and use of the structure a5 followed by the construction of a1, a4, a6, and ^w1, ^w2 followed by a reuse of these structures. At a later date, the area shifted from indoor structures to an outdoor production space visible by the presence of deep ash layers, a drainage channel, possible kiln, rough pebble and sherd pavements, and two tannur ovens next to brick platforms. The structures dating from the first occupation phase are at different elevations that if contemporary suggest the structures were terraced. Incorporating area A18, a similar structure was found with a long thick wall but vaulted inside with similar type of stone pavement seen in A20. Evidence for the deep reuse of space is also visible in A18 with four tannurs found in the west and the reuse of the structure by blocking doorways and raising the floor. In A18, inside the structures two neonates were found, one inside a ceramic jar leaning next to a wall on the floor and another inside the structure lying in accumulation over the floor. In A20, a human tooth was found inside a1 and in A19, fragments of a human skull were found in a5. These cases add to the idea that these rooms were used as tombs that were later cleared out during the deep reuse leaving behind these small remnants of human remains. Of course this still is speculation as rodents could have also brought in some of these skeletal fragments. Currently the earliest Mittani levels of A19 and A20 combined includes possibly 9 rooms, all interconnected with each other as rooms abut each other forming thicker walls. The largest room is a5 (and the deepest in elevation) with a stone courtyard f108 and a corridor a4 and a6. The structures show a rough alignment with each other however some walls are more angled such as the walls f111, f107, f109, and f133. ;--i Unit A20 was opened this season north of area A18 after a hiatus of several years in area A, incorporating 11 loci of which only 8 were actively excavated. Midway into the season, A19 was incorporated (old J1 west) into A20 and was subsumed, meaning that A20 assigned new feature numbers to the area and excavated it as part of A20. We began the season with k2, k3, k12, k13 then opened up k15 a week later. A few weeks later k4 and A19 subsumed followed by opening k25, k26 in week 4 but was stopped after one day due to insufficient time to excavate these loci. The area is defined by the following marker points: from m4732 m4734 m3740 m3744 m3742 m4703 m4699 m3733 to m4732, this includes the loci that were not excavated k25, k26, k16 and area A19, oriented differently than A20. The starting elevations of A20 were quite high, within the 9400-9300 range with the loci arranged as 4x4 squares with a one meter north and east section into three rows. The southernmost loci row was numbered starting with k2, k3, k4, the next row to the north as k12, k13, k14, k15 and the northernmost row as k25, k26. The arrangement of the loci are positioned in sequence so that k2 is immediately south of k12, k3 south of k13, k4 south of k14. A20 was under the supervision of myself, lR as main supervisor with lc as an associate and yM, SE, and eE as field assistants. Workmen assigned fluctuated over the season normally around 15 workmen of which 5 were pick men. The last week of the season, excavations in A20 were reduced keeping 6 workmen and efforts were mainly in locus k101. A20 was opened to provide a link between area A (palace area) and area J (temple), and for horizontal exposure of the Mittani levels. Results of this year's campaign expanded the Mittani sequence to include 5 strata of occupation finding a stratigraphically complicated series of small rooms with stone pavements that appear to be terraced with the deepest floor at elevation 9068 and the highest at 9264. The western area of A20 was dated stratigraphically to the late Mittani, with a bin that may be a kiln, drainage channel, tannurs, platform, and other installations only partially excavated and presumably underneath this late level are earlier ones. The items found support that the western area was used as a production space with remnants of a metal vent (debris from casting metal) and several bronze items including a scraper, needle, and three pins all in the later level. In the new loci that were only excavated at the topsoil levels, a bronze arrowhead and pin were also found. A large amount of ash in the west, abutting the bricky remains of possible structures associated with firing activities such as kilns and ovens, also supports the area as a production space. Several samples of frit were also recovered in the area. A total of 8 figurines were found in the area, including an anthropomorphic plaque and a large equid figurine (head only), the size unusually large for a figurine. A square bin containing semicircles similar to tannurs was found in the west along with three hard pavements containing lots of sherds (seen vertically only in section) and very compact bricky material that appears secondarily fired suggests that the bin may be a kiln used to fire figurines. In the eastern half of A20, two rooms were found a1 and a5 with possibly a stone courtyard f108 (bordered by walls so could also be an indoor room), with another room beginning to emerge in k4 with two walls forming a corner. These all date to the early Mittani occupation. The floors from the early structures appear to have been cleaned out during the reuse period as few artifacts were recovered directly on these floors with the majority of the items found belonging to the later Mittani phases. During the reuse period, strata s14, a1 appears used as a production space involving stone work. Evidence to support this includes a large mortar stone i23, several large stone tools inside the structure and a stone file i17. A stone bead was found on a later pavement in k4 along with a stone basin i22 and a door socket in the ash from the later or middle occupation period. f 112 tc ab f99 tc co f121 tc ab f107 f 121 tc co f122 tc ab f99 tc ab f107 f 31 tc ab f129 f 73 tc ab f129 tc ov f107 f 68 nc possibly abuts f128 f 80 tc re f128 f 17 tc co f129 f 29 tc ab f129 f 129 tc ab f73 f 52 tc ov f124 f 82 tc ov f124 f 124 tc co f123 f 123 tc co f117 f 117 nc unclear what this feature rests on f 64 nc possibly rests on f118 f 24 tc ov f118 f 89 tc co f143 tc co f140 f 140 tc co f141 f 143 tc re f141 f 56 tc co f131 f 92 tc ab f131 tc ab f150 f 131 tc co f132 f 132 tc re f150 f 150 tc ab f127 f 131 tc ab f127 f 75 tc co f127 tc co f152 tc co f111 tc co f110 tc co f108 tc co f109 tc co f133 tc co f115 tc co f119 tc co f116 f 119 tc ov f137 tc ov f138 f 137 tc si f119 f 138 tc si f119 f 40 tc co f131 f 84 tc ab f116 f 152 tc ab f84 f 85 =l f109 nc unclear if f85 is the same wall as f109 that was either removed by A19 or removed during the reuse time period of the structures. The orientation of the wall suggests that both f85 and f109 are the same wall. f 110 nc contact association between this stone and f109 is unknown since it was not excavated by A20. Two possibilities exist, either the stone was used in construction of the wall f109 or that the wall f109 is earlier with the stone placed as a step during the reuse period of the area. f 115 tc ab f109 tc ab f116 f 142 tc ab f115 f 119 tc ab f115 tc co f142 tc ab f116 f 142 tc co f147 tc ab f116 tc ab f115 tc co f151 tc ov f148 f 151 nc either rests on or abuts f148 f 133 tc ab f135 tc ab f134 f 136 nc either goes under f133 or abuts f 135 tc ab f116 tc ov f134 f 134 tc ab f116 tc ov f136 f 78 tc ab f85 tc co f120 f 120 tc co f144 f 144 tc co f145 f 145 tc ov f146 f 75 tc co f125 tc co f127 f 127 tc re f153 tc ab f125 f 125 tc re f108 f 153 tc ov f126 f 146 tc ab f149 tc ov f108 f 149 tc re f108 f 125 tc ov f108 f 108 tc ov f139 f 152 tc ab f84