Horizons
G. Buccellati, January 2008
The concept
Subdivisions
The main frame
Ceramic horizons
The concept
Horizons are the maximal chronological subdivisions. They are defined not only stratigraphically, but also on the basis of integrative and comparative evidence (ceramics, glyptics, epigraphy, etc.).
explain about BC instead of BCE
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Subdivisions
The Urkesh horizons may be presented synoptically as follows.
| chronology
|
Mesopotamian
periodization
|
Syrian
periodization
|
Urkesh
|
| late 4th mill.
|
late Uruk
|
late Chalcolithic
|
early expansion as religious center (?)
|
| early 3rd mill.
|
Early Dynastic I
|
Early Jezirah I
|
[not represented but to be assumed]
|
| first quarter of 3rd mill.
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Early Dynastic II
|
Early Jezirah II
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urban growth - 1
|
|
|
Early Dynastic III
|
|
urban growth - 2
|
|
|
Akkadian
|
|
great alliances
|
|
|
Ur III
|
|
urban contraction
|
|
|
Old Babylonian/Assyrian
|
|
provincial status
|
|
|
Mittani, Middle Babyloniann
|
|
royal sanctuary
|
|
|
Middle Assyrian
|
|
foreign presence
|
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The main frame
Horizons, phases, strata.
Refer also to the Grammar
and to the sitewide entry.
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Ceramic horizons
Ceramic book.
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NOTE: cf. also the following chart.
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