17
MAIN LEXICON
Definition
Universal codes
Features
1. Surfaces
2. Buildup
3. Fill, dumping collapse
4. Installations
5. Other features
Items
1. Metal
2. Stone
3. Clay
4. Organic
5. Other items
Alphabetical list of codes for features and items
Incidentals
Ware or material
Contact association
Shape for ceramic vessels
View range
View orientation
Introductory
A lexicon has been defined (12.4) as the
list of attribute states or variants, i.e., the specific information that fills
a given roster slot (attribute argument or variable). The term “lemma” (plural
“lemmata”) refers to the concrete lexical item(s).
The list is open ended, and as such it is
susceptible of additions at any time. Thus, whether or not or a lexical entry
“earring” for the roster slot B10=“definition” is present in our lexicon, or a
lexical entry “green” for the roster slot K5=“color,” and whether or not it has
been used in the past, it can be introduced at will the first time it becomes
pertinent. It is important that in such cases a precise definition be given
within the record itself: this is done by using the category –rd “roster definition”
under incidentals (17.4 (4)).
In this perspective, a formal listing of
lexical entries would seem unnecessary. If that is not so, and if I undertake
to give just such a list in this chapter, it is for two major reasons.
(1) In most cases where a lexical entry is
expected, there is a correlative need for sorting. Thus, for example, it is obviously
desirable to sort the entries for the roster slot “definition” in such a way
that we have all ceramic vessels together, all seal impressions together, and
so on. A uniformity of lexical entries is expected to make such sorting
possible: it would not work to call the same type of object “ceramic vessel” or
“pottery item,” “seal impression” or “rolling,” and so on.
The simplest function of a lexical list
is, therefore, to provide consistency in the use of appellations for distinct
phenomena. In the input phase, it will also serve as a list of abbreviations,
or codes, that can be more easily utilized in a uniform manner. Just as we saw
in the case of the roster (16.1), this aspect of the current presentation is of
no concern to a normal user of the system, since in the display version as embodied
in the browser edition all abbreviations are resolved, and thus no knowledge of
the codes is expected.
(2) More important is the conceptual
dimension of the lexicon. Terms like “floor” and “fill” appear at first to have
an evident meaning – the first term referring to a walking surface, and the
second to material deposited within a given space. But closer inspection will
reveal great variations. These have to be spelled out, and this goes to the
core of the conceptual dimension of the lexicon. What is important in this
endeavor is not so much to canvass a dictionary for definitions and paraphrases,
but to articulate the variations into structured sets, where the definitions
arise from contrasts among the members of the set. This I seek to do, to a
limited extent and only for some basic categories, in this chapter.
The individual lexical items given below reflect different degrees of specificity, and no
attempt is made to provide a finer hierarchy in this regard within each of the
categories. It is also important to note that the record may well reflect
successive moments through which different, and progressively higher, degrees of
specificity are ascertained and assigned to the data. At Mozan, this has often
been the case, for instance, in the case of cl “clay lumps.” It was imperative, when collecting them in the
field, that no attempt be made to determine whether they were sealings, and if
so whether they were impressed with the rolling of a seal, for to attempt even
a modicum of cleaning before they had become dry might seriously jeopardize
their integrity. But after cleaning in the laboratory, such determination
could, and would, be made. We estimate that we have collected some 10,000 cl
clay lumps, of which only about 2,000 turned out to be sl
“sealings,” of which again only some 1,600 bore a si “seal impression,”
and a few even turned out to be tablet fragments. Progressively finer
descriptions were then possible, e.g., as to iconography, epigraphic content,
etc.
17.2 Simple and complex lemmata
A simple lemma is based on a single set
of parameters that is used to define a variant within a variable, e.g., “brown”
within the variable “color.” With greater precision, a lemma may be based on
the use of standards (e.g., the Munsell variant “5YR8/2" within the
variable “color”; see below, 20, for a discussion of standards).
A complex lemma is a combination of simple lemmata and
is used in the same way to define a set of variants within a variable. thus, a
ceramic “ware” is set of pertinent attributes for matrix, inclusions,
manufacturing technique and measurements, each of which is defined separately
as a simple lemma.
Current version
The current version is indicated by a code
that relates the lexicon to the roster, thus LZmr-003 is the 3rd version of the lexicon applicable to the main
roster, LZca-002 is the 2nd version of the lexicon applicable to the Ceramic
Analysis roster.
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17.4 Universal codes
uk unknown
vr varia
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17.5 Variants for variable B10 = df: Definition
These codes are
also applicable to A5=sp specific label (in which case they are preceded by a
circumflex), and M1, M2 or M3 generic and specific function.
It must be
stressed that the lexicon is an open system (17.1), so that features that occur
rarely may be named in an ad hoc fashion as necessary. For instance, such entries
as “pile of bricks” may be used for a stack of brocks ready for use in constructing
a wall. The only twoconstraints are that initial hyphen is reserved for incidentals, and that the
maximum length allowed is 20 characters.
Labels that are more specifically
typological are given in italics at the end of each group of definitions. These
typological definitions may be given under B10, in addition to the more generic
definition. Thus something defined first as co “collapse” may also be defined
as bf “brickfall.” Conversely, if a wall has (even just partly) collapsed into
an open pit, then the typological definition as “brickfall” would accompany the
emplacement definition f2 “fill in secondary context.” In addition, the qualification
bf “brickfall’ may also be entered under A5, if distinct brickfalls are
numbered sequentially, and under M1 as a determination as to primary function.
In some cases, a
typological definition that includes a higher degree of specificity may apply
to more than one type of material – for instance, a sculpture may be in stone
or bronze. For this reason, it is advisable, though it is not strictly required
by the system, to give in every case the more generic definition, e.g., ma
“metal artifact” as well as sc “sculpture.” (In the topical lists given below,
a term like “sculpture” may accordingly be entered twice, under ma “metal
artifacts” and under la “lithic artifacts.) A more precise definition of the
type of ware or material (e.g., arsenical bronze) will be found under the roster
slot K3=wm “ware or material.”
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(1) Features (stationary elements)
The main
criterion for sorting the different types of features is the manner of
alignment of the components of any given feature. Accordingly, four types can
be distinguished.
1. Surfaces: the alignment is along a single plane.
2. Buildup: this refers to the inert, i. e. gradual and
unintentional, buildup that occurs on top of a surface, and which is characterized
by the horizontal alignment of inclusions, each of which tends also to have a
horizontal angle of repose.
3. Fill: this refers to a dumping or collapse that results
in the random alignment of inclusions. The term “fill” refers, strictly
speaking, to a situation whereby the material “fills” a given space that is
bounded, as is the case with discards dumped into a pit or walls collapsed
inside a room. The category, however, subsumes also cases when the material is
not bounded, but has piled up without containment, as with a brickfall that
took place onto an open space.
4. Installations: this refers to the ordered organization
of components, such as the bricks within a wall.
Note that, for ease of reference, the descriptive terms are
taken from the depositional, rather than the emplacement, aspect that
characterizes the feature – thus “fill” instead of something like “amorphous
amassment.”
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1.Surfaces
sf subfloor: hard
layer, suitable for compaction and/or additional cover on top; it may at times
be inferred to have resulted from the leveling of a pre-existing collapse
f floorsurface in general
fa floor, type a (plastered or lined)
fb floor, type b (highly compacted)
fc floor, type c (medium compacted)
fd floor, type d (compacted naturally)
pv pavement in general (floor defined structurally by distinct surface elements, generally a
finished cover or a coating laid on prepared surface)
pa pavement, type a: coating (heavier than fa: cement, bitumen)
pb pavement, type b: large components (flagstones, bricks or tiles)
pc pavement, type c: small components (pebbles, sherds)
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2. Buildup
a accumulation:
gradual buildup, generally bounded by walls or abutting at least one wall.
Depositionally, an accumulation may be inferred to have occurred through two
major processes. (1) Occupation is the process resulting from human
activities, whereby debris (including artifactual fragments such as sherds, and
organic material such ash) comes to be embedded and compacted into a coagulated
layer. (2) Sedimentation refers
to the precipitation of natural material, such as dust, windblown sand or
organic particles.
aa accumulation,
type a: occupation immediately above floor surface, with sherds lying perfectly
flat on the surface, vessels sitting upright, large pot smashes suggesting that
the original ceramic vessel broke in place, etc. This is what is generally
referred to as a “living floor,” and it is of particular importance for stratigraphic
considerations
ab accumulation,
type b: accumulation above accumulation, without distinct floor surface
underneath, but well defined in terms of layering of matrix and distribution of
inclusions
ac accumulation, type c: not above floor, e.g. abandonment
ad accumulation, type d: natural accumulation (i.e., sedimentation)
ba band(horizontal deposit with sharp lower and merging upper boundaries)
ly layer (horizontal deposit with sharp lower and upper boundaries)
l lens, sameas accumulation, but not abutting any walls
la lens type a (same criteria as for as accumulation a)
lb lens type b (same criteria as for as accumulation b)
lc lens type c (same criteria as for as accumulation c)
ld lens type d (same criteria as for as accumulation d)
ts topsoil: this is generally a band or layer
lm laminations:
a special kind of lens of type d, characterized by the even horizontal layering
of very uniform soil, with an even layering and a sharp horizontal face, giving
the appearance of compaction, but in fact quite brittle; it may be inferred
that it was produced by the settling of water dripping from above (as with a
light rain) after which it was left to dry without disturbances
mud a special kind of lens, similar to a lamination but with greater compaction, for which one may infer that it was produced by a sizeable downpour, such as heavy rain, rather than by a light drizzle
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3.Fill, dumping, collapse
fi fill in
general: soil matrix with inclusions not laid horizontally, at least not uniformly
so (e.g., sherds or bones with different and sharp “angles of repose”), often contained
within a bounded space, from which one can infer intentional and one-time
dumping
f1 fill in primary context (e.g., within a foundation trench)
f2 fill in secondary context (e.g., discard within a pit originally meant for storage)
co collapse:
uniform matrix (e.g., bricks), with individual inclusions showing similar
“angle of repose” (so as to suggest disaggregation of a built-up installation
during collapse), often not contained within bounded space; it may be inferred
that the collapse happened through intentional destruction by human agents of
preexisting installations, or through erosion due to natural agents (especially
rain and wind)
bf brickfall(specific collapse)
rf roofing material (specific collapse)
or organic refuse or midden (specific dump)
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4.Installations
is installation
in a general sense: a discrete whole whose component parts are ordered
according to a structured organization, from which one can infer that it was
set up intentionally to serve as a specific functional aggregate (13.4)
w wall
be bench
bp brick pile:
the individual bricks are laid side by side, often set on their narrow side and
leaning on each other, without the cohesion resulting from mortar binding
s structure
r room
cr corridor
d doorway
pt pit
tr trench, trough
bu burial (not built up, see gv, hb)
gv grave (built up, see bu,hb)
hs house
bn bin
ki kiln
he hearth
ov oven
st-is stone installation (isolated large stones, threshold, steps)
ta tannur (bread oven)
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5.Other features
ho hole
ia item aggregate (e.g., vessels on floor)
pf platform
rh rodent hole
so soil
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(2) Items (movable elements)
The main criterion for sorting the various types of artifacts is the ware or material of
the specific item. This is in some respects analogous to the criterion used for
features, in that the definition is based on the consistency of the item and on
the identification of traits that are apparent even at a low level of
specificity.
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1. Metal
ma metal artifact
sg slag (from metal smelting)
ar arrowhead
ax ax(head)
mace
sh spearhead
je jewelry item
pi pin
spoon
sc sculpture
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2. Stone
la lithic artifact
ls lithic specimen (e.g., an unworked pebble)
bd bead
bl blade
mace
sc sculpture
se seal
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3. Clay
qp pottery lot
cv ceramic vessel
ca clay artifact
cl clay lump (and possible tablet)
kw kiln waste: vitrified, amorphous matter from ceramic kiln (cf. kwr, slag)
kwr kiln waster: misshapen or molten ceramic piece(s) or fragment(s). The difference
between kw and kwr is significant, for a waster (kwr) retains at least partially
the shape of the object that had been initially intended, and as such it qualifies as a proper artifact
bo bowl (rim/height: 3/1)
bt bottle (rim/height: 1/5)
di dish (small platter)
go goblet (proportions as for small jar)
ja jar (rim/height: 1/3)
po pot (rim/height: 1/1)
pl platter (rim/height: 5/1)
bk brick
si seal impression: refers to the impression left by a seal (the seal itself may be
reconstructed as a “trace,” see 13.3)
sl sealing: refers to the object used to seal an opening (generally a container or a door),
whether it has been sealed with a seal or not
fg figurine
wh wheel
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4. Organic
sm sample (non count, see sp)
sp specimen (count, see sm)
qb bone lot
ba bone artifact
waf wood artifact
cs carbon
ash
awl
board (as on back of sealings)
hb human body (see bu, gv)
in inlays (generally made of shell or mother-of-pearl)
ro root
peg
string
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5. Other items
to tool
vs vessel
we weapon
su statue
e epigraphic: refers to anything with writing on it, e.g., a sherd, a seal, a seal impression
t tablet: refers to an object shaped for writing, whether in fact epigraphic or anepigraphic
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(3) Combined alphabetical list for features and items
a accumulation: gradual buildup, bounded by walls or abutting at least one wall
aa accumulation, type a: above floor surface (“living floor”)
ab accumulation, type b: above accumulation
ac accumulation, type c: not above floor, e.g. abandonment
ad accumulation, type d: natural accumulation (i.e., sedimentation)
ar arrowhead
ash
awl
ax ax(head)
ba band (horizontal deposit with sharp lower and merging upper boundaries)
ba bone artifact
bd bead
be bench
bf brickfall (specific collapse)
bk brick
bl blade
bn bin
bo bowl (rim/height: 3/1)
board (as on back of sealings)
bp brick pile
bt bottle (rim/height: 1/5)
bu burial (not built up, see gv, hb)
ca clay artifact
cb carbon
cl clay lump (and possible tablet)
co collapse (not contained within bounded space)
cr corridor
cv ceramic vessel
d doorway
di dish (small platter)
e epigraphic: refers to anything with writing on itf floor surface in general
f1 fill in primary context (e.g., within a foundation trench)
f2 fill in secondary context (e.g., discard within a pit originally meant for storage)
fa floor, type a (plastered or lined)
fb floor, type b (highly compacted)
fc floor, type c (medium compacted)
fd floor, type d (compacted naturally)
fg figurine
fi fill in general (contained within bounded space)
go goblet (proportions as for small jar)
gv grave (built up, see bu,hb)
hb human body (see bu, gv)
he hearth
ho hole
hs house
ia item aggregate (e.g., vessels on floor)
in inlays (generally made of shell or mother-of-pearl)
is installation
ja jar (rim/height: 1/3)
je jewelry item
ki kiln
kw kiln waste: vitrified, amorphous matter from ceramic kiln (cf. kwr, slag)
kwr kiln waster: misshapen or molten ceramic piece(s) or fragment(s)
l lens, same as accumulation, but not abutting any walls
la lens type a (same criteria as for as accumulation a)
la lithic artifact
lb lens type b (same criteria as for as accumulation b)
lc lens type c (same criteria as for as accumulation c)
ld lens type d (same criteria as for as accumulation d)
lm lamination
ls lithic specimen
ly layer ((horizontal deposit with sharp lower and upper boundaries)
ma metal artifact
mace
mud
or organic refuse or midden
ov oven
pa pavement, type a: coating (heavier than fa: cement, bitumen)
pb pavement, type b: large components (flagstones, bricks or tiles)
pc pavement, type c: small components (pebbles, sherds)
peg
pf platform
pi pin
pl platter (rim/height: 5/1)
po pot (rim/height: 1/1)
pt pit
pv pavement in general (floor defined structurally by distinct surface elements)
qb bone lot
qp pottery lot
r room
rf roof collapse and roofing material
rh rodent hole
ro root
s structure
sc sculpture
sc sculpture
se seal
sf subfloor
sg slag (from metal smelting)
sh spearhead
si seal impression
sl sealing
sm sample (non count, see sp)
so soil
sp specimen (count, see sm)
spoon
st-is stone installation (isolated stones, threshold, steps,…)
string
su statue
t tablet
ta tannur (bread oven)
to tool
tr trench, trough
ts topsoil: this is generally a band or layer
vs vessel
w wall
wa wood artifact
we weapon
wh wheel
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(4) Codes for incidentals
related to excavation
|
unrelated to excavation
|
--i introduction
-ae aerial photography
-dy daily
-eq equipment
-fl file log
-iv inventory
-lb labeling
-lg log
-mk marker
-mt methods and techniques
-ns notes on time sequencing
-ov overall shot
-ph phase
-rd roster definition
-rs record shot
-sf staff
-sg strategy
-sn section
-so site overall
-sp special project
-sr strata description
-st storage
-su summary
-sy surveying
-tr transmittal
-vr varia
-wa work activities
-wk workmen
-zx site general, excavations
|
-cy city scenes
-eh expedition house
-el expedition life
-fn fauna
-fr flora
-hl health and medical
-id individuals
-ls landscape
-nm name,address,references
-ny next year
-oa official activities
-pc people and customs
-pr public relations (excludes visitors)
-pw public works
-tv travel
-vb village buildings
-vg village, general
-vs visits and visitors
-we weather
|
A full alphabetical listing follows.
--i introduction
-ae aerial photography
-cy city scenes
-dy daily
-eh expedition house
-el expedition life
-eq equipment
-fl file log
-fn fauna
-fr flora
-hl health and medical
-id individuals
-iv inventory
-lb labeling
-lg log
-ls landscape
-mk marker
-mt methods and techniques
-nm name, address, references
-ns notes on time sequencing
-ny next year
-oa official activities
-ov overall shot
-pc people and customs
-ph phase
-pr public relations (excludes visitors)
-pw public works
-rd roster definition
-rs record shot
-sf staff
-sg strategy
-sn section
-so site overall
-sp special project
-sr strata description
-st storage
-su summary
-sy surveying
-tr transmittal
-tv travel
-vb village buildings
-vg village, general
-vr varia
-vs visits and visitors
-wa work activities
-we weather
-wk workmen
-zx site general, excavations
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17.6 Variants for variable D3 = wm: Ware or material
One will find here only major categories that are easily recognizable during excavations.
Finer definition, e.g., with regard to the nature of a metal to be redefined as
a certain type of copper alloy, will be given as a special lexicon, of the type
described presently in 21.
bn bone
cl clay (finer definitions of ceramic wares are given in 21.2)
gl glass or frit
li lithic (finer definitions will be given in 21; here only obsidian is identified, since it is easily recognizable at first glance)
mt metal
ob obsidian
sh shell
wd wood
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17.7 Variants for variable F2=tc: Contact
association
This lexical category is one of the most powerful in the whole grammar, on two grounds (see also 5.9; 31.2).
In the first
place, the categorization given here aims at being exhaustive. In this respect,
and unlike other lexica, it is meant as a closed system, to which no other
terms can be added. It is conceived, in other words, as a paradigm with a
precise structural configuration that excludes variations or expansions.
Clearly, this is not a matter of semantics. To say that a jar sits in a pit, or
that a pit contains a jar, are equivalent formulations of the same reality,
semantic variations applicable to the same paradigmatic slot.
The second reason
for the importance of this particular paradigm is that it serves as the basis
for the construction of the depositional synopsis (the equivalent of the
so-called “Harris matrix”), which is derived automatically from the data once
their contact association has been observed and defined according to the terms
of the paradigm (see below, 32). Besides the practical advantage of such a
procedure, one must note the all important conceptual correlation that is
thereby established between emplacement and deposition. The observation of
physical contact is demonstrable and documentable, and on it rests a univocal
conclusion as to the depositional processes that have brought about the
situation as observed. In other words, the data as observed are physically
present in the ground and can be described in relationship to volumes, but the
inference that is drawn from it speaks to the depositional process in a way
that is predefined and hence predictable. It should be noted that, except in
the case of bonding (3b), it is always clear which of the two volumes is the
subject of the verb and which is the object. What is crucial in terms of the
depositional inference just mentioned is that the subject is always in a temporal
relation of posteriority vis-à-vis the object (except for 3b). This also makes
recording easier, in that during the recording phase the contact association is
always entered only once, namely under the element that serves as subject.
Here I will
define in detail the nature of each term of the paradigm in an order that
reflects the temporal sequence inherent in each action, from the point of view
of the object. Thus the process described under 1a “truncation” is the first
event that can affect the object of the pertinent sentence (e.g., a floor that
is truncated by a pit), and 5b describes the last event that can so affect it
(e.g., a pottery lot sits in an accumulation overlaying a floor).
Three additional
points must be stressed. The first is that each definition is meant to define a
term that is part of a paradigm, i.e., a term that is in structural contrast
with all the other elements of the paradigm. It matters little whether we say
that something “leans” or “is placed” against something else. What really
matters is the paradigmatic definition that defines this process in contrast
with all the others.
The second is
that the exclusivity I claim may well be disproved. I argue for it on the basis
of my (inductive) experience with data against which I have tested this
paradigm over the years, and I also argue for it on the basis of a (deductive)
logic that seeks to interpret a priori the universe of possible relationships.
Corrections and additions are certainly possible. But what must be kept in mind
is that they must be done systemically, i.e., with a vie towards respecting the
integrity of the correlations among all members of the set, and not in an ad
hoc fashion that simply adds synonyms or paraphrases.
The third is that
each and every relationship is in the active voice, and it entails a single
subject and a single object. Descriptively, it of course makes sense to say
that an accumulation is cut by a pit (in the passive voice). It is only a
practical choice that privileges the active instead pf the passive voice,
because in so doing we achieve a uniformity that allows the person who does the
recording to enter the relationship only once, when it affects the subject,
leaving it to the programs to generate the converse for the object.
1a: to cut
– Total truncation of a volume, affecting both the upper and the lower faces of
the volume that is the object of the verb. As a result, the contiguity of the
different portions of the truncated volume takes place only along the edges of
the truncated volume itself.
1b: to intrude
– Insertion into a volume, where only the upper face of the (object) volume is
affected. As a result, the contiguity of the different portions of the truncated
volume takes place in the lower part, as well as long the edges, of the truncated
volume itself.
2a: to lean
against – Partial contact of two volumes in their upper part, which implies
that their lower part are not adjacent, whether the space in between is filled
or not.
2b: to rest on
– Partial contact of two volumes where the bottom of one is in contact with the
top of the other.
3a: to abut
– Adjacency of two volumes along one of their edges, entirely preserved, whereby
no space is left between the two volumes, consequently without either void or
fill. This implies intentionality of juxtaposition, and the contemporary
presence of both volumes at the time that the abutting took place.
3b: to bond
with – Interlocking of two volumes along their edges, entirely preserved.
In a sense, the two volumes constitute therefore a single feature, and if they
are kept separate it is because they are clearly distinguishable in terms of
shape and other possible traits. This is the only case where one cannot
identify a subject, since the two volumes are wholly reversible.
4a: to cover –
Total superposition of one volume over the other, whereby the upper side of the
lower is not in contact with any other volume.
4b: to overlay
– Partial superposition of one volume over the other, whereby the upper volume
does not entirely cover the lower, as when a large sherd straddles the top
opening of a pit and the floor into which the pit has been cut.
5a: to cap
– Matching of all the edges of one volume with the corresponding edges of the
second volume, as in the case of a lid whose edges match exactly the opening
onto which it is set.
5b: to sit in
– Matching of all the sides of a given volume by the matrix within which it is
embedded. This is typically the case with items found within an accumulation or
a fill. Note that the tendency is to refer to this relationship by saying that
the matrix contains the inclusion. However, the relative temporal sequence is
inverted, in that the inclusion is deposited at a later point in time within
the matrix, which, in fact, it helps to construe. Accordingly, I prefer to use
the term “to sit in” which reflects the proper temporal sequence.
The following
chart provides a synopsis of all ten types, with a sketch that represents
graphically the situation intended. In these sketches, the subject is
highlighted with a dark, and the object with a light color. At the top is the
last, and at the bottom the earliest, process that can affect the object.
Chart 17-1
Type of contact association
seq.#
|
code
|
verb
|
definition
|
example
|
sketch
|
1
|
a
|
cu
|
to cut
|
truncation
|
pit cuts floor
|
|
b
|
in
|
to intrude
|
insertion
|
pit intrudes fill
|
|
2
|
a
|
le
|
to lean against
|
partial contact at top
|
jar leans against wall
|
|
b
|
re
|
to rest on
|
partial contact at bottom
|
jar rests on floor
|
|
3
|
a
|
ab
|
to abut
|
adjacency of edges
|
floor abuts wall
|
|
b
|
bo
|
to bond with
|
interlocking of edges
|
wall bonds w/ wall (note that in this case either wall can serve as subject or object)
|
|
4
|
a
|
co
|
to cover
|
total superposition
|
floor covers wall
|
|
b
|
ov
|
to overlay
|
partial superposition
|
floor overlays wall
|
|
5
|
a
|
ca
|
to cap
|
matching of edges
|
lid caps jar
|
|
b
|
si
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to sit in
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matching of sides
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sherds sit in accumulation
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17.8 Variants for variable K4=sh: Shape – for ceramic vessels (M. Kelly-Buccellati)
These codes are
applicable for pottery shapes only, i.e., they are applicable when the variants
for roster slot B10=df “definition” include either cv or any of the following: bo,
bt, di, go, ja, po, pl. Note: the symbol >> means “considerably greater than.”
Overall shape
ob bowl (rim > height)
oc cup (small bowl)
oj jar (rim < height)
op pot (rim = height)
opl platter (rim >> height)
os stand no solid base
ox other shape should be described as a local note, e.g., ox @vat
Rim
rh hole mouth
ri inturned
ro outturned
rs straight
rx other
Base
bf flat
bfv flat, slightly concave
bfx flat, slightly convex
bhf high footed
blf low footed
bp pointed
bring ring
bround rounded
bsp slightly pointed
bx other
Handle
hitab interior triangular tab
hlug triangular lug
hsc small semi circular
hsh strap handle
htab tab
Other
x1 interior ledge for holding cover
x2 interior groove
x3 other
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17.9 Variants for variable O11: View range
c close-up
f far shot
m medium shot
t tight shot
w wide shot
For an explanation of the concepts behind the codes see above, 16.19 (O21)
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17.10 Variants for variable O12: View orientation
n north
e east
s south
w west
ne northeast
nnenorth
northeast
etc.
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