9. Special Lexica

Giorgio Buccellati – June 2010
Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati – June 2010

With the contribution of:
Sarah Comelli – June 2023
Rick Hauser – June 2010
Christine K. Kimbrough – June 2010
Laura Ramos – June 2010
Mary Stancavage – June 2010

9.1: Introductory

It is possible to have a special lexicon without a corresponding special roster. Such is for instance the case with the lexicon for beads given below (9.6). The reason is that the lexical variants apply to variable categories already found in the Main Roster. If so, the variant is given in the Main Roster, but is preceded by a lexical prefix that identifies the special lexicon – thus, for instance, a bead might be qualified through the lexical attribute ‘Zbdrt’ following the Main Roster category K4 (or sh) for shape. In this example, ‘Zbd’ identifies the special lexicon, and ‘rt’ stands for round tabular, according to the lexical definition given below.

As in the case of the Main Lexicon, the configuration of a lexicon contributes to an understanding of the structural make-up of given categories.

9.2: Ceramic analysis (for special roster Zca) – by M. Kelly-Buccellati

The full Ceramics Roster and Lexicon are given within the digital CERAMICS topical book.

9.3: Glyptics analysis (for special roster Zsi) – by M. Kelly-Buccellati

As for the seal impressions lexicon, see the dedicated section under the GLYPTICS book.

9.4: Aglyptic impressions on sealings (for special roster Zai) – by C.K. Kimbrough

As for the aglyptic impressions lexicon, see the dedicated section under the GLYPTICS book.

9.5: Figurines (lexical prefix for special roster Zfg) – by R. Hauser

Cf. also the dedicated topical book (animal figurines).

Cf. also the dedicated topical book (human figurines).

TEXT TO BE WRITTEN

9.6: Beads (lexical prefix for special roster Zbd) – by M. Stancavage

TEXT TO BE WRITTEN

9.7: Physical anthropology (lexical prefix for special roster Zpa) – by L. Ramos

Cf. also the dedicated topical book.

9.7.0: Universal codes

04	unknown
05	other
06	left
07	right
08	distal
09	proximal
10	medial
11	lateral
12	anterior
13	posterior
14	ventral
15	dorsal
16	palmar
17	shaft (diaphysis)
18	epiphyses
19	left
20	right
21	inferior
22	superior

9.7.1: Zpa1: Identification

hs	human skeleton articulated
hi	human bones isolated

9.7.2: Zpa2: Skeletal analysis

Ma	Male
Fe	Female
Sk	Skull
Fh	Femoral head diameter

Ft	Fetal (before birth)
If	Infant (0-3 years)
Ao	Adolescent (12-20 years)
Ad	Adult (20-35 years)
Ma	Middle adult (35-50 years)
Oa	Old adult (50+ years)

bs	Bass 1995
mc	McKern and Stewart 1957
kg	Krogman 1962
pr	Pearson 1917-1919
tg	Trotter and Gleser 1952
sw	Schwartz 1995
fr	Ferembach et al. 1980
lh	Loth and Henneberg 1996
ki	Krogman and Iscan 1986
ph	Phenice 1969
sb	Suchey and Brooks 1990
lj	Lovejoy et al. 1985
ml	Meindl and Lovejoy 1985
mi	Miles 1962
tr	Trotter 1970
fn	Feldesman et al. 1990
hp	Hoppa 1992
gw	Gowland 1998
sm	Smith 1991
mf	Moorrees, Fanning and Hunt 1963
by	Byers et al. 1989

9.7.3: Zpa3: Trauma

bf	blunt force
cm	compression fracture
fr	fracture
sf	sharp force
ds	dislocation
ad	artificial deformation
te	trephination
am	amputation

9.7.4: Zpa4: Pathology

os	osteomyelitis
pr	periostitis
tb	tuberculosis
tr	treponema
ph	porotic hyperstosis
rk	rickets
ot	osteoarthritis of spine
ob	osteoarthritis of joints
cr	carious lesion, dental
eh	enamel hypoplasia
pd	peridontal disease
ta	tooth abscess

9.7.5: Zpa5: Muscular-skeletal markers and stress

pm	pectoralis major
tm	teres major
dt	deltoid
su	supinator
ra	biceps brachii
gt	greater trochanter, gluteus min and medius
lt	lesser trochanter, iliopsoas tendon and psoas major
la	linea aspera, vastus muscle and adductors
pt	patella, tendon of quadriceps femoris
tt	tibial tuberosity, quadriceps femoris
pp	tibia popliteal line
at	calcaneal tuber, achilles tendon
3t	presence of third trochanter, gluteus maximus
bb	brachialis
cc	costoclavicular ligament
sl	spiral line femor, vastus medialis

9.7.6: Zpa6: Inventory

00	absent
01	<25% present
02	25-75% present
03	>75% present

9.7.7: Zpa7: Preservation

gd	good: >75% cortical bone present
fr	fair: 25-75% cortical bone present
pr	poor: <25% cortical bone present

9.7.8: Zpa8: Burial type

sm	simple pit
mp	multiple pit
sb	simple built tomb
mb	multiple built tomb
sj	simple jar
mj	multiple jar
ot	other

9.7.9: Body position

su	supine
sf	semi-flexed
fx	flexed
ss	sharply flexed

9.8: Metals (lexical prefix for special roster Zme) – by S. Comelli

Cf. also the dedicated topical book.

TEXT TO BE UPDATED - ZH624 mDP

ma	metal artifact	Generic term (also category) for any item made from metal.
sg	slag	Residue from metal smelting often found as tiny green particles.
ar	arrowhead	Pointed metal object, often molded, hafted onto a thin wooden shaft and launched by a bow.
ax	ax	Fist-sized metal object with a sharpened edge used for chopping, hafted onto a wood shaft.
bd-m	metal bead	Bead made of metal instead of stone.
coin	coin	Small metal disk of precious metal,usually decorated, that serves as a medium of exchange.
mace	mace	Ceremonial staff carried by public officials. Head is often decorated. Shaft often wood.
je	jewelry item	Metal object fashoned to adorn or decorate the human body, e.g., bracelet.
pendant-m	metal pendant	Metal central element of a necklace or bracelet.
pi	pin	Long, thin metal object used to fasten garments.
spoon	spoon	Metal object similar in form and function to modern object with the same name.
sc	sculpture	Molded metal object that accurately depicts a specific diety, human, or animal, (contrast and compare with a figurine made in clay).
spd	spearhead	Pointed molded metal object, larger than an arrowhead, hafted onto a long shaft, and designed for thrusting.
str-m	metal strainer	Small can with holes fitted on the end of a hollow reed thst filters out solids from sipped liquids.
to-m	metal tool	Item fashioned from metal that assists in the performance of a repetative task.