A Grammar of the Archaeological Record (Version 2, Beta release)

Epistemics. Principles

A tie to place

Giorgio Buccellati – July 2026

Back to top: A tie to place

The concept

Any element of material culture is tied to place: a house stands on a plot of land; a painting hangs in a mUseum; and so on. An archaeologcial element of material culture is tied to space in the more specific sense that its identity rests on that tie.

No doubt, a cuneiform tablet can claim identity as, precisely, a cuneiform tablet, that has a certain physical appearance, a recognizable type of script, a readable text of, let us say, an administrative nature, etc. But upstream of all that, there is the place where it first appeared: its primary identity has to do with the fact that it laid on the floor of a room, as part of an accumulation that included other tablets and a variety of ceramic vessels, the room being in turn part of a larger building associated with…, etc. etc.

Back to top: A tie to place

The “stratigraphic” context

This association with space may be define as “stratigraphic” in nature, a term which requires an explanation.

stratum zero

In principle, stratigraphy refers to a series of strata , each relating to the other in terms of contact associations and inferred temporal sequence.

The concept may be extended to include the surface context as a single stratum.

stratigr lato sensu, includes surface

stratigr and surface

Back to top: A tie to place

Architecture

not broken tradition

defined by landscape etc.

Back to top: A tie to place