HORIZONS – Urkesh.org

The concept

Horizons are the maximal chronological subdivisions. They are defined not only stratigraphically, but also on the basis of integrative and comparative evidence (ceramics, glyptics, epigraphy, etc.).

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Subdivisions

The Urkesh horizons may be presented synoptically as follows.

chronology	Mesopotamian periodization	Syrian periodization	Urkesh
late 4th mill.	late Uruk	late Chalcolithic	early expansion as religious center (?)
early 3rd mill.	Early Dynastic I	Early Jezirah I	[not represented but to be assumed]
first quarter of 3rd mill.	Early Dynastic II	Early Jezirah II	urban growth - 1
	Early Dynastic III		urban growth - 2
	Akkadian		great alliances
	Ur III		urban contraction
	Old Babylonian/Assyrian		provincial status
	Mittani, Middle Babyloniann		royal sanctuary
	Middle Assyrian		foreign presence

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The main frame

Horizons, phases, strata.

Refer also to the Grammar and to the sitewide entry.

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Ceramic horizons

Ceramic book.

NOTE: cf. also the following chart.