Phases for Unit J4

Yasmine Mahmoud – July 2024

Introduction

The following is a summery of each excavated phase in J4. a comprehensive description of the phase is provided by sC, in the right hand side under h phases, in addition to a detailedd overview of the deposition in depositional history.

PHASE 32

Phase 32-MZA , dated to the Imperial Akkaddian period. this phase is represented by few features in J6 and J4.It was not possible to understand the nature of this phase and the Chalcolithic sherds founf in j4, until k100 was excavated as part of J6 in 2008 and 2009, then it became clear that the 3rd millennium BC layers were located right below Mittani accumulations in this part of the mound. This phase comprises only one strata s49 charecterized by building activities.

PHASE 63

Phase 63-MZA , dating to the Early Mittani period, is defined as a re-organization phase on the basis of the events in the adjacent unit J2. This re-organization in J4 mainfested its self by the glacis layers that were layed on top of the mound. There is no evidence of structures in use during this phase, where a gradual build up began in J4, as a consequence of the brickfall bf^2 in J2 and J6. This phase comprises 2 strata (s18, s19) and 2 sub strata (s19b, and s19c).

PHASE 65

Phase 65-MZA , dating to the Late and Middle Mittani, is charecterized as a rebuilding phase evidenced by different mud-brick and stone structures, including walls and Tannuurs. This phase is comprised of 3 strata (s14, s15 and s16), and sub strata (s14a s14b s14c s16a, and s16b).

PHASE 67

Phase 67-MZA is related to the build-up of the Tell surface caused by natural accumulations which is aproximately one meter high. This the Late Mittani phase consists of air and water born natural accumulations, and comprises one strata, s12 and one sub strata, s12a.

PHASE 85

Phase 85-MZA comprises surface layers such as topsoil and natural accumulations in J04 area. This phase is 1 meter high and contains 4 strata (s1, s2, s3 and s5) and 2 sub strata (s2a and s5a), and offers no evidence of human activities.

PHASE 8

Phase 8 has been assigned to modern activities on the Tell surface and the German trench T10, and it comprises only one strata, s1, of mixed contaminated features.