A Grammar of the Archaeological Record (Version 2, Beta release)

Epistemics. Principles

The recovey process

Giorgio Buccellati – April 2026

Recovery corresponds to the major epistemic category of acquiring knowledge.

There are two major steps in the recovery process:

  1. the extraction of disaggregate fragments, and
  2. the reaggregation of the fragments into meaningful wholes.


The first step is the one that is excelusively found, from an epistemic point of view, in archaeology. No other discipline deals with the process of extracting cultural data from the ground.

The second step, on the other hand, refers to theoretical models and on methods that are also found in other disciplines, all the while maintaining a distinctive approach which is conditioned by the original status of the data as having been found disaggregated in the ground.

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