A Grammar of the Archaeological Record (Version 2, Beta release)

I. The system

The system: introduction

Giorgio Buccellati – June 2010, October 2025

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The formal dimension

In this first section we will look at the system in terms of its formal aspects: what are the constitutive elements and how do they interact with each other?

This will serve as the basis for a study of the system in terms of its applications to the archaeological record

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The System as a Practical Implementation of Theory

The issues raised in the Introduction of the Grammar call for a new approach to archaeological publishing – not an approach that is based on different editorial techniques, but rather one that starts from a different understanding of archaeological categories. As described in Volume 1, this is at variance from the norm, and as such it requires a demonstration of its feasibility. The system described in Volume 1 aims at doing just that.

The configuration of the system is described here under six headings.

  • A. Constituents: The concept. – Definition of the concept with an inventory of the specific properties.
  • B. Primary categorization. – The minimal constituents as they are observed in their stratigraphic context, and the paradigms into which they fit (rosters and lexica).
  • C. Stratigraphic clustering. – The correlation between space and time as the constituents are clustered according to type of contact into strata first, and then into phases and horizons.
  • D. Typological clustering. – The specific identity they assume on the basis of a transversal typological clustering.
  • E. Analytical organization of the record: data structure. – The organization of the record within an overarching archive structure: directories and files (accessed from the right-hand side).
  • F. Synthethical organization of the record: main narrative. – The organization of the record in a synthetic and sequential manner, based on conventional archaeological presentation (accessed from the left-hand side).

In a way, this corresponds (for categories B-D) to the classic distinction within a linguistic grammar into phonology (minimal constituents and their properties), morphology (primary clustering) and syntax (distributional arrangement).

In Volume 1, one will also find a detailed listing of the codes utilized, with an explanation of the underlying logic and the consequent utilization in both data entry and analysis.

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