https://urkesh.org/MZ/A/A14/D/-INC/daily.htm

Unit Book A14

The lower sacral area - Version 1a

A14-daily

Processed on 2024-10-01


Date Author Record
2001-06-24 ed We broke topsoil today in k1 and k2. Work is slow because of the heat and the large amount of dirt. Hopefully, we will get a tent in the next few days. Also, bp and I will sight in markers for relays today. [Input: L627JL.j]
2001-07-25 ed Today is Elena Devecchi's first full day in A14. This morning, I took her down to A12 area X and explained our rationale for excavating in A14 k1, k2, k11, and k12. bp and her assistant Adib came and set more markers for us, and laid out the boundaries of k11. After we finish excavating f3 in k1, if we have not found the top of the pit visible in the A12 area X section, then we will probably begin removing topsoil in k2 and k11. Also, one corner of the metal roof over the A12 underground building rests on the south side of k11. It appears that the roof will continue to be sturdy if that support is removed, but I will have to check that with gb or Sabah Kasem, our smith, before we reach that depth. Also, I will need to find some foam to cover the edge, so that no one hurts themselves on it once we are below its level. [Input: L627JL.j]
2001-06-26 ed Our original plan for this morning was to draw a section of the N baulk of k1 and then dig into it to find the top of the pit. However, ed discovered from okk that the section might not have been drawn from the other side, i.e. the S section drawing of A12 area X might not exist. Therefore, until we find or draw that section, we cannot excavate it. In the meantime, we have focused on k2, revealing and defining f6, and orange layer noticed yesterday afternoon in scraping and discovered this morning in the baulk as well. In the process, we have discovered the remains of two small burials, a1 and a2. [Input: L627JL.j]
2001-06-28 jl Excavation proceeded normally today. Much of our work was focused on k3, trying to identify and isolate better the row of bricks discovered yesterday, f20. We also identified a bricky red material next to it, f17, which may be brickmelt. gb suggested that we cut slightly into both of these features in order to see a more clear section, which we did. We also removed more topsoil in k11 and backfill in k12. Finally, we began excavating the topsoil in k13. In general, the topsoil in the lower squares, k3 and k13, contains a large quantity of stones and some baked brick fragments, probably wadi wash from over the years. [Input: L629JL.j]
2001-07-02 jl After finishing leveling in k11 and k13, we decided to set aside the southern squares and focus on the northern ones. In k1, we excavated the soft dirt, f25, first observed in k15. In k2, we removed the last section of f7, in the south-west corner, in order to see f6 sloping down more clearly. Finally, in k3, since we observed that the bricks f20 seemed to be the lowest layer, and it seemed that there was only dirt underneath, gb suggested that we photograph the bricks and remove the step in the east third of k3. [Input: L702JL.j]
2001-07-02 jl Today, we continued excavating in f1, f2, and f3, as well as a little in f12. In f2, the wall f31 (it seems in fact to be a wall) revealed a plaster face on the inside (the western face). Its purpose is still unclear. To the east, we found a small aggregate of broken pottery and shell material, a3, perhaps related to a2. Overall, we can see the clear downward slope of the grayish brown ^ad (f30, f33, etc.), since we are excavating it in all three loci. [Input: L703JL.j]
2001-07-03 jl In k2 today, we discovered the edge of a third brick wall in the south baulk, extending west. This confirms our suspicions that the wall is contained inside the baulk. It does not, however, explain the lack of a western wall. Also, gb, ed, and I inspected the south baulk of area X and decided to photograph the pit and then begin removing it. We organized a bucket train and removed the fallen dirt from the trench. We will either begin digging today or first thing tomorrow morning. [Input: L703JL.j]
2001-07-16 ed Cleaning the white layer f53 and taking pictures of it. Removing the plastic above the platform and digging the side of the pit in it. [Input: L718ED.j]
2001-07-16 ed Removing the plastic from the platform, we saw that there was another piece of plastic lower, so we decided to dig this backfill (in fact there was plastic, paper, etc) with the big pick. The lowest plastic was about at the same level as f58. 10 cm down, we found stones, just as in f60. When we achieved f59 level I would have liked to remove the stone in the middle of the pit and the fill below, in order to understand if f59 extends also in the east half of the pit or if there are more stones of f60, but gb decided not to dig more. We are wondering why the stones of f55 are at this level: presumably, their original position was lower (the same as f60 and the stone platform), but in fact they could also be linked to the drain-f56, since the level is the same. [Input: L718ED.j]
2001-07-14 jl For the past three days, we have been excavating only the pit, a4, in k1. The pit seems to be phase 4, and therefore the accumulation into which it is cut is phase 3. At the bottom, we discovered a number of large stones, probably pulled up from the platform below, a series of white floor layers, a sherd packing over large stones (much like the lower platform in A12k6), and finally, a beautiful stone drain extending to the west. This drain seems to have actually served the platform, but with the stones having been pulled up, it is difficult to say. The section of the pit shows the red, wall-like layer, f49, continuing to slope downwards. Except for the removal of the baulks, this is probably the last area of A14 that we will excavate this season. [Input: L817JL.j]
2001-06-27 jl Today, excagation started with the outlining of f6 in k2. This morning, the difference between f6 and f7 was very clear through hardness and texture, so I directed the workmen to remove the f7 material. Meanwhile, workmen with the big pick continued digging in k3, trying to level it. gb came and scraped where they had been working, identifying that the soil in the north half of the locus was more soft and powdery than the soil in the south half, which is redder and crumbly. It is possible that the red soil is related to f6 to the east, something we will investigate in the future. In k1, we discovered that the soil in the north half is harder than in the south half, but since the color did not appear significantly different, we decided to dig down another five centimeters in order to see if the difference continued. [Input: L819JL.j]
2001-07-08 jl The past few days have been very busy. The north baulk of k1 has been excagated down to the top of the pit f41 (the pit gisible in the A12k6 south baulk). After we have leveled and scraped the square, we will excagate the pit. In k2, we seem to have found the bottom of the wall, strangely 20cm higher than in k3. If it was a burial, the fill was removed or emptied at an early date. In k11, in the south-east corner, we have the tops of some large rocks, possible associated with the AP wall or the underground structure. Finally, in k12, we found more plastic, meaning that we are still above topsoil, and a small burial in a different part of the locus. [Input: L819JL.j]
2001-07-09 jl Today, we finished remoging the burial in k12 and discovered another large rectangular stone in k11, west of and in line with the first. However, f36 to the north, as well as most of the other squares, are very confused right now, and it will take us a lot of time and effort to figure out exactly what is happening in them. In the meantime, we have quit excagating anywhere except for k1 f41, i.e. the a4 pit. Four of our workers were transferred to rah, the rest are helping excagate the pit. [Input: L819JL.j]
2003-08-12 jl Today, we excavated the northern baulk of k11 and the eastern baulk of k12. We also continued within k89, in what we believe to be the original topsoil, before dirt from our own excavations covered it. In that area, we exposed an extremely red square in the middle of a black circle, which we believe to be a pit with possible brickfall inside of it, or perhaps the clay cover over a burial. [Input: N812JL.j]
2003-08-13 jl In k12 this morning, we continued to remove the eastern baulk, until it was at the same level as the rest of the locus. Meanwhile, we drew the north baulk to record the limited excavations along it this season, and then excavated most of it, as well. In k11, we drew the part of the east section recently exposed by the removal of the northern baulk, and then began to excavate it, as well. In k89, we excavated the presumed pit, which turned out to be the decayed remains of a burlap bag from many seasons before. In k1, we began to excavate a9, the pit, in anticipation of beginning to excavate the four loci k1, k2, k11 and k12 according to the layers of the "pathway" from the platform to the underground structure. Also, today we officially closed k100. From now it, it will be referred to by its original designation, as the north baulk of k1. [Input: N813JL.j]
2003-08-17 jl At the beginning of the day, we split our efforts among three areas: the step f124 beside the stones f45/a5 in k11, the pit a9 in k1 and the baulks of k13. However, gb decided upon his arrival in the morning to change our excavation plan from the previous workday: we would not continue digging around the stones a5, but that we would stop digging for the season at the current level, except for removing the k13 baulks. There are two reasons: first, more workmen are needed in A15 in order to clear up some important areas before the end of the week. Second, in the event that our previous hypothesis is incorrect, i.e. that the stones do not continue underneath the step, we will not have time this season to properly excavate the layers across k1 and k11 and solve this stratigraphic problem. Rather than possibly ending the season with this question, it will be better to wait until next season to approach the problem, so that the evidence will be fresh and we will have the time to properly excavate the series of layers, rather than cutting into them as was our plan. [Input: N817JL.j]
2003-08-16 jl We did not dig today, in order to get caught up with templates and feature descriptions before we enter our last week of digging. We stayed at the house and worked on the computer and on objects. [Input: N817JL.j]
2003-08-14 jl We started today by excavating in a9 in k1, in the red brick f143, the red bricky material in the k11 east baulk, and in k12, in f142, the accumulation within the wall of a11. Within a11, we discovered a group of strange, floor-like surfaces which seem to be associated with the "tannur" f132. We decided to turn to the k13 baulks, in order to uncover the last corner of a11 and hopefully understand better the purpose of a11. Upon seeing the excavation in f143, gb wondered if it was perhaps the very decayed top of a wall, and decided to quit excavating there. Instead, he suggested that we begin excavating f124, in the step still overlaying a5, in an effort to better understand the stone formation a5 before the end of the season. He agreed with our plans in k13. In the second half of the day, we dug also in k13 and k89, in an effort to perhaps see the stones connecting a5 to the palace wall, but were stopped by a layer of apparent bricks (although the wrong color to be palace bricks). [Input: N817JL.j]
2003-07-29 jl dc fell into the pit a8 today when the baulk edge on which she was standing collapsed underneath her. Luckily, she only sprained her ankle. In terms of excavation, we finished removing the east baulk of k1 and began on the east baulk of k100, but stopped because fab took most of our workmen for A18. Instead, we concentrated on the east baulk of k2, where we removed the top layer and then excavated the pit fill of a8. rd2 and raf spent most of the day drawing baulks. [Input: N827JL.j]
2003-08-10 jl Today, we continued excavating in the southern part of k11 and in k2/the east baulk of k3, around the tannur enclosure a11. In k11, we revealed a stone connecting a5 to A12a33. [Input: N827JL.j]
2003-08-09 jl Today, we excavated primarily in the southern extension of k11 and in k2/the k3 east baulk. gb and fab came to discuss our plans for further excvation in k1/k11. At first, gb believed that we should removed the north baulk of k11 and dig k1 and k11 at the same time. However, the extremely red, bricky material visible in the north-east corner of the k11 section convinced him that there was possibly a structure there, or possibly brickfall, the remains of a nearby palace wall which collapsed during Phase 3. So, we decided instead to open k89, a new locus to the east of k11, next to the AF palace wall. Then, we could view and draw the whole section, extending to the palace wall, before we removed the north baulk, and would hopefully understand the red better before we removed it. [Input: N827JL.j]
2003-08-11 jl Today, we dug first in k2/k3 and in the southern part of k11. We decided to quit digging in order to avoid removing f104, since it is not yet clear whether or not it (and a11, for that matter) is associated with the "path" between the platform and the underground structure. Instead, we began removing the baulk between k11 and k12, since it was drawn two seasons ago. In k11, we brought all of the south side to the same level and then laid out k89, east of k11 and against the AF palace wall. Finally, we removed the topsoil in this new locus. [Input: N827JL.j]
2003-07-21 jl Today we continued down in the pit a8 through a large layer of animal bones and found a layer of earth and sherds which may represent the bottom. In k100, we found the first phytolith layer, f97, of what may be the same reed matting which jo observed four seasons ago in A12, above the platform. In k3, we finished leveling the north baulk underneath the burial and then stopped digging there for the time being, since we had to transfer three of our pickmen to A12 to replace missing A12 workers. dc spent most of the day at the house, teaching rd2 and raf how to describe objects. [Input: N828JL.j]
2003-07-22 jl This is the second day that most of our pickmen were lent to A12. Because we only had two diggers, we focused on the pit, a8, and on k100, where we had found the white phytolith layers, f97. In a8, we reached a reddish-brown layer of the same color as the south wall of the pit in the lower levels, f98, almost devoid of pottery. It may be the bottom of the pit, but a small ashy pocket in the north-east seems to continue underneath this layer, so the red may just be another layer of fill sandwiched between ashy layers. In k100, we found another phytolith sample in the western part. However, we also observed a number of small, straight fissures in the surface of the eastern part, which continued into the east baulk of the locus and the section of the pit a4 (see v59). After discussion, we decided that these were probably caused by the drying of the soil along the baulk and pit section, and excavated it. [Input: N828JL.j]
2003-07-24 jl Today, we were mostly without pickmen, as before, so we focused on k1 and k100. In k100, gb decided that it was much larger than he had intended, so he told us to stop digging across it after we had excavated the last ledge down to the level of f97, the white phytolith layers, and to focus only on squaring the circular edge of the pit a4 and on k1. We only had time to remove the ledge down to the white surface, not also square the pit. In k1, we managed almost 2 complete pickruns, being stopped at the very end of the day not only by the discovery of white phytoliths in the north-west corner of the locus (f99), but by the unexpected appearance of a white floor-like layer in the center of the locus, f149. gb also discussed the possibility of removing the baulks around k1 and k2 in order to get a better horizontal exposure of the white layers. For a 2-hour period in the morning, work was stopped in A12 for photography, during which period our diggers returned and removed another layer of the k3 north baulk. [Input: N828JL.j]
2003-07-25 jl Because work was temporarily stopped in A12 this morning, we had extra diggers for a few hours. Most of them worked on the north baulk of k3, which we are trying to remove before A18 needs its dirt train, since two of the train legs rest on this baulk area. One worker stayed in k1, removing the small area of f99 soil left over from yesterday's pickrun. Then he dug the southwest side of the pit a4, cutting the round section back into a corner, so that we could see the section better. [Input: N828JL.j]
2003-07-12 jl Today, we cleaned, scraped and sectioned all of the loci, in preparation for excavation. gb, mkb and I discussed the presumed formation of A14 and our excavation plan. Originally, there was probably a walkway between the platform and the api. As the accumulation above the platform increased in height, the walkway rose with it and gradually built up, as seen by the sloping layers in the A12k6 south baulk. Eventually, the walkway ceased being used, and plain abandonment accumulation (through which we are now digging) built up over it. [Input: N828JL.j]
2003-07-14 jl Today, after cleaning in k1, the top layer of fill f81 in pit a8 was first clear, so we started excavating the pit, as well as f82, the top layer of fill in a9 (the smaller pit in the northeast corner). Also, since Abdul Kerim insisted that the area of k100 east of a4 was made up of bricks or bricklike material, we decided to extend k100 east to the northeast corner of k1 to see if we could get any more definition in that area. In k3, we dug a series of pickruns across the locus, looking for the other end of the burial a7. In k2, Diadin removed the top layer of f31, the brick wall, and found another layer of bricks (although bricks of very poor quality) underneath. Also, we completely removed f29. [Input: N828JL.j]
2003-07-13 jl In k1 today, we began a series of small pickruns across the locus, hoping that the clear division between black and red soil would continue, but were disappointed. The seemingly clear line disappeared after one pickrun, returning the feature to mixed swaths of red and black. Now, however, the black is concentrated in the western part and the north-east corner of the locus. We opened a new locus, k100, around the pit a4 in the north baulk of k1, in order to get a clearer section to guide our excavations, since the current pit section has been badly damaged by exposure. In k4, we started a large pick run to level out the square, and discovered what appears to be the head of a human burial, although it may be a modern burial washed down the hillside by the wadi. In k2, we finally removed f6 and started on f29. In k12, Khaled excavated the last small area of wadi wash in the south-west corner, f79. [Input: N828JL.j]
2003-07-17 jl Today, we continued to excavate the pit a8. The ashy-red mixed soil, f81, is continuing. In k3, we continued to dig the north baulk, f92. We found a few small objects, a small jar and a door sealing, and then, an hour before finishing, we uncovered a burial, a10. We could not finish it in time, so we covered it with cloth and dirt, and a guard will watch it tonight and tomorrow, Friday. [Input: N828JL.j]
2003-07-16 jl Today, we continued to excavate the pit, a8, in k1. The fill, f81, continues down. In k3, gb, rd2, dc and I discussed our excavation plans. Since we can't see the north face of the k3 north baulk, we can't really use it as a guide for excavating; however, if we remove the baulk, then excavate that area along with the rest of the locus, we will be better able to notice and follow the very faint layering currently visible at the bottom of the section. So, after finishing our last pickrun across the locus, we switched to the baulk and removed the top few layers with the big pick. [Input: N828JL.j]
2004-06-15 jw Inspected site to determine state of preservation since excavation stopped last August. None of the loci excavated in season N (2003) were covered. This includes squares k1,k2,k3,k4,k11,k12,k13 as well as exploratory loci k89 and k100. Some surface definition was lost but most large features appear to be intact underneath a layer of blended material including soil deposited by wind and consolidated by precipitation. A general cleaning with small hand tools should restore the unit to the condition it was left. A small, deep gully was cut by surface wash which breached a dirt berm during the winter along the southern side of the unit (roughly corresponding to the "k31,k32..." string of potential loci). It should not interfere with excavations this season. [Input: O617JW.j]
2004-06-16 jw Spent most of the day at the house studying the global record prepared by last season's unit supervisor, jl. The purpose was to gain general familiarity and to identify surface features to appear upon cleaning. Starting numbers for logs were determined. Spreadsheets were prepared in anticipation of data entry. Photographed each locus active last season to document condition. Assembled blank pages for this year's book. [Input: O617JW.j]
2004-06-19 gm we draw a sketch of k15 and k5, we described the surface features, we practiced measuring relays and elevations. no workmen were present today. [Input: O619GM.j]
2004-06-20 jw opened two new squares (k5,k15) and removed the backfill from a previously-excavated part of k22. Cleared accumulated seasonal deposits from k4 and k3, left uncovered after the MZ16 excavation season. [Input: O620JW.j]
2004-06-21 jw In addition to excavations, continued cleaning loci excavated in MZ16. [Input: O621JW.j]
2004-06-22 jw excavating in 5 loci (k3,k4,k5,k14,k13) and cleaning previously opened loci to the north (k1,k2,k12,k89,k100). [Input: O624JW1.j]
2004-06-23 jw concentrated on finishing the excavation of k14, continuing the excavation of k13, trimming and re-cutting the outside edges of the north baulks on the "1" line of squares and on general cleaning of the loci excavated in previous seasons. [Input: O624JW2.j]
2004-06-24 jw opened two new loci, k24,k25, on the west side of the unit. Continued to excavate k13, exploring the extent of accumulation f181, which yielded over 130 clay artifacts. [Input: O625JW.j]
2004-06-27 jw continued to remove the black ash, f170, in the SW corner of k5. Excavating k25 and k24 to find the extent of the immense layer of ancient and modern gully wash that we noticed in k15 and k14. Isolated, and continued to excavate the clay projectiles in k13. The working assumption is that they were being manufactured here. [Input: O628JW4.j]
2004-06-30 jw excavation activity focused on the west end of the unit. We are seeking surfaces which indicate activity or occupation during individual phases. In the N edge of the N baulks of k4 and k5 we have exposed an E-W line of large worked stones, f198, similar to those found in the palace walls. Abutting these to the south there is a flat, horizontal surface of compacted bricks, f199. To the E of the last stone there is a horizontal pise surface upon which rested a Nuzi jar, i116, and a grindstone, i115. We halted excavating in k24, having reached a horizontal surface below over a 150 cm vertical column of gully wash. We resumed excavating k15 and immediately encountered copious amounts of conical cups and similar period material, confirmed as Ph2-3 by mkb on-site. We resumed excavating k14 and immediately came down on a large mass of gray bricky material which may be a late phase floor. In k13, we have finally reached the end of the deposit containing almost 200 clay objects, as well as baked bricks and raw clay. [Input: O630JW.j]
2004-07-01 jw throughout the unit we are trying to find evidence of human activity that has not been obliterated by the gully wash. In the north baulk of k4/k3, we have found a pise floor upon which sit jars, bronze and grindstones. In k15, we have finished excavating a layer in which were found a large number of vessels with string-cut bases. The material beneath has far fewer sherds, only one of which had a base which was of the ring design. We paused excavating in k13, having reached the end of the accumulation which yielded the large number of clay projectiles. We began excavating k22 after breakfast. k4 is the most complex active locus, having two pits and a surface of stones sherds and material resembling deteriorated brick. [Input: O701JW1.j]
2004-07-06 jw gb and mkb stressed the need to identify key pottery lots for immediate analysis. All lots cannot be analyzed at the time of excavation and most will be evaluated in a later season. The general criteria for immediate analysis were that the lots have the potential to provide information on phasing that may help to relate strata to occupational sequence. This is especially important in A14 because we have virtually no architecture and the unit is located in an ancient and modern gully that has subjected whatever was built here to consistent erosion. Neverthelss we have excavated several isolated functional units which may provide clues as to the stratigraphy of A14. What follows is a list and rationale for the request for immediate pottery analysis for each. [Input: O706JW2.j]
2004-07-06 jw Most of the heavy tasks were focused on exploring the possible boundaries of the sacral precinct to the west and south. In k23, we are still digging gully wash after almost one meter of excavation. From viewing the E baulks of k24 and k25, we may expect that there may be another meter overlaying evidence of occupation and use. In k25 and k15 we were trying to define the extent and organization of large stones that were found in a general N-S alignment in the middle of both loci. In k15 we found a horizontal stone and sherd surface at the level of the stones. We have either not found the same in k25, immediately to the south or we have inadvertantly dug through it. In k4 we have come down on a very hard surface at the same elevation as the pise floor, f213, along the N edge of the N baulk. [Input: O706JW3.j]
2004-07-07 jw covered sherd and stone surfaces, f230 in k15 and f233 in k25 with plastic to reduce the chances of cross-contamination caused by excavation and dirt removal. [Input: O707JW1.j]
2004-07-08 jw concentrated work on loci k14, k23, and k24. Spent the entire day removing a sucession of tamped earth floors from the N half of k23. Found several installations and restorable vessels resting on a floor. In k23 we continued to excavate through gully wash, now presumed to be ancient since no plastic has been found. In k24 we concentrated on exavating a 1.5m strip of ashy accumulation on the N side of the locus, eventually encoutering a layer of soft, accumulation which, at the end of the day, approximately matched the extant elevation in k25 to the south. [Input: O708JW2.j]
2004-07-10 jw received all LORES and Thumbnail photos from jjj and put them into record. Entered all pending logs and processed them through the "J" and "E" programs. jw developed tentative stratigraphic assignments for the loci we have excavated so far, k3 to k5, k13 to k15, and k23 to 25 in preparation for a meeting with gb and mkb O710. [Input: O711JW.j]
2004-07-11 jw continued to excavate in k14, k23, and k23. [Input: O711JW1.j]
2004-07-14 jw Photographed the composite of the east baulks of k5, k15, and k25. Began to remove the east baulks of k15 and k25. Later in the day, focused on k25 to avoid conflicts with ongoing excavation in k14, which shares the same baulk as k15. Completed wheelbarrow ramp constructed from the E baulk of k25, shared with k15 to the north. [Input: O714JW.j]
2004-07-28 jw work today focused on the removal of baulks in preparation for ceasing all excavation as scheduled tomorrow, O729. We are removing the second series of jars and cups which belong to pottery cache a20 from living accumulation, f278, in k4. In k3 we are excavating two accumulations, f299 and f300, in order to see if they overlay the floor surface, f213, seen in the north baulk of k4 near its juncture with k3. In k22, we are carefully excavating the east baulk of k22 to see if we can find the structural mechanism for keeping the large stone f296 in place. [Input: O802JW.j]
2004-07-29 jw Half of the resources were devoted to excavating k4, its east baulk, and a small amount of modern accumulation, f306, covering the area immediately in front of the steps leading down into the abi. One crew cut two ramps between k24 and k23, and k23 and k22, and as well, installed temporary steps from k22 to k21. The purpose of these is to allow visitors to access the abi from the west, just as we assume was done in ancient times during Phase 3. In the last scheduled hour of excavation, a well-preserved seal impression (with inscription) from a door sealing, i239, was found near the bottom of the east baulk of k4. [Input: O803JW.j]
2004-08-12 jw Removed jar, i242, whole except for a partially broken rim, from the remnants of the E baulk of k4. Workmen had sounded around it to see how large it was and enough was exposed so that it presented an opportunity for theft in situ. Reviewed section drawings to record features seen in section and not seen while excavating. [Input: O812JW.j]