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Horizons
A horizon is a maximal unit of reference relating spatial elements in terms of temporal sequence. It includes all possible integrative considerations, especially regional comparative evidence, absolute date determinations, and textual references.
Historical and chronological frame for Unit J6:
| Horizon
| B.C.
| Temple Terrace phase
| Phases
| J6B strata
| Strata definition
|
| Late Chalcholithic 3
| 3600
| Proto Temple Terrace
| 2m-JPD
| 850
| Mudbrick wall
|
| ED II/EJ II/ late Ninivite V
| 2600-2800
| reorganization of Temple Terrace
| 3h-JPD
| -
| Ninivite V pottery
|
| ED IIIa/EJ IIIa
| 2500
| reorganization of Temple Terrace
| 3l-JPD
| 662-660
| Terrace mound?
|
| ED IIIa/EJ IIIa
| 2500
| Main construction phase of Temple Terrace
| 3m-JPD
| 651-645
| Revetment and flank staircase walls, dump
|
| ED IIIb/EJ IIIb
| 2400
| Main construction phase of Temple Terrace
| 3n-JPD
| 640
| Glacis for Revetment Wall
|
| ED IIIb/EJ IIIb
| 2400
| Rapid rise to the east
| 3p-JPD
| 630
| First Glacis for staircase flank wall
|
| ED IIIb/EJ IIIb
| 2400
| BA Temple
| 3s-JPD
| 620
| Floors in the Plaza
|
| ED IIIb/EJ IIIb
| 2400
| BA Temple
| 3u-JPD
| 610
| Floors in the Plaza
|
| Akkadian/ EJ IVa?
| 2300
| BA Temple
| 4m-JPD
| 500
| red glacis adjacent flank staircase wall
|
| Ur III/ EJ V
| 2000
| BA Temple
| 5h-JPD
| 300
| large pit
|
| Early Mittani
| 1500
| Second construction Phase of Temple Terrace
| 7c-JPD
| 192-180
| Glacis and "Memory stones"
|
|
|
### Phases {#phases}
A phase is an intermediate unit of reference relating spatial elements in terms of temporal sequence. It relies on broad structural and functional considerations. Phase distinction reflects substantial re-organization of space (e.g., abandonment of a building and rebuilding using a different footprint) and uses typological evidence (e.g., distinction in ceramic inventory).
A first overview of the J6 phases is given in the introduction to the J6 digital book. A more detailed overview is given under depositional history. Here one will find a summary of the data presented separately in full detail for each individual phase. The Phase sequence is JPD (by Giorgio und Federico Buccellati, June 2013).
The J6 phase sequence begins with Phase 3J6B, even though some of the structures excavated in J6 may belong to Phase 2. From other JP units we know that there is a Late Chalcholithic phase in the JP and BA area. Phase 3mJ6B is the main construction phase of the Temple Terrace. This structure was in continuos use up to the Middle Mittani period, as evidenced by floors, pits and other structures. A fire during phase 7J6B is followed by a huge collapse of mudbrick buildings, covering all Unit J6 and the lower part of Unit J2, especially the monumental staircase. There is scattered occupation with small pits followed by natural accumulations and collapse of stones from the walls.
### Strata {#strata}
A stratum is a minimal unit of reference relating spatial elements in terms of a temporal sequence. Strata are defined exclusively on the basis of stratigraphic criteria, especially types of contacts, e.g., floor and accumulation sequences in contiguous rooms, or pits cut from the same floor.
### Strata sequence for Unit J6 {#sequence}
After end of excavation in year 2010 was created the first strata sequence for Unit J6. This was strata sequence J6A (J6A). After reviewing the stratigraphy and ceramics we could create a new satrata sequence J6B, which is currently used in the J6 book an you can find it here.
### Elements {#elements}
- overview;
- phase 2m;
- phase 3l;
- phase 3m;
- phase 3n;
- phase 3p;
- phase 3s;
- phase 3u;
- phase 4m;
- phase 5c;
- phase 7c;
- phase 7f;
- phase 7j;
- phase 7m;
- phase 7v;
- phase 8r;
- phase 9c;
- phase 9m;
- phase 9p.
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