J6

The Eastern End of the Plaza and the Betili (Version 1a) [remove the red font color]
J6 Synthetic View / Stratigraphy /Chronometry

Introduction

Giorgio Buccellati, Patrizia Camatta – November 2006, May 2025

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Organization of the material

The UGR section on typology gives an overview of the elements sorted according to the typological categories. Here, instead, the same are analyzed from the point of view of their assignation to specific moments along the sequential scale. Given the specificity of the materials, we can in turn assign relatively precise time limits to these “moments,” which emerge therefore as proper chronological periods, and not only as stratigraphical segments.

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The sequence

There is first an overall presentation of the sequence as a whole, with an overview of the phases and strata. Reference is also made to the particular generation of the stratigraphic sequence used and to the to MZ frame.

Each phase is ere described in terms of its relationship to the other phases, i.e., as a successive moment in the overall scalar sequence.

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The individual phases

Then there is a detailed analysis of the major elements (structures, installations, objects, etc.) belonging to each phase.

Where warranted, larger bodies of data, such as ceramics and faunal remains, are discussed separately for each phase.

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Horizons

A horizon is a maximal unit of reference relating spatial elements in terms of temporal sequence. It includes all possible integrative considerations, especially regional comparative evidence, absolute date determinations, and textual references.
Historical and chronological frame for Unit J6:

Horizon B.C. Temple Terrace phase J6B phases J6B strata MZA phases Strata definition
Late Chalcholithic 3 3600 Proto Temple Terrace 2m-JPD 850 2h Mudbrick structure under EDIII walls
ED II/EJ II/ late Ninivite V 2600-2800 reorganization of Temple Terrace 3h-JPD - 3c Ninivite V pottery
ED IIIa/EJ IIIa 2500 reorganization of Temple Terrace 3l-JPD 662-660 3m Terrace mound?
ED IIIa/EJ IIIa 2500 Main construction phase of Temple Terrace 3m-JPD 651-645 3m Revetment and flank staircase walls, dump
ED IIIb/EJ IIIb 2400 Main construction phase of Temple Terrace 3n-JPD 640 3n Glacis for Revetment Wall
ED IIIb/EJ IIIb 2400 Rapid rise to the east 3p-JPD 630 3p First glacis for staircase flank wall
ED IIIb/EJ IIIb 2400 BA Temple 3s-JPD 620 3s/4c Floors in the Plaza
ED IIIb/EJ IIIb 2400 BA Temple 3u-JPD 610 3s/4c Floors in the Plaza
Akkadian/ EJ IVa? 2300 BA Temple 4m-JPD 500 4m red glacis adjacent flank staircase wall
Isin-Larsa/ OJ I 1900 BA Temple 5c-JPD 300 5h large pit east of staircase
Early Mittani 1500 Second construction Phase of Temple Terrace 7f-JPD 174-78 7f Storage bin, glacis and "memory stones"
Middle Mittani 1400 The great western swift: construction of western staircase 7j-JPD, 7m-JPD 161-146 7j Fire, brickfall, second dump
Late Mittani 1300 abandonment of eastern portion of Temple Terrace 7v-JPD 120 7v collapse of stones
mid Assyrian 1100 abandonment 8r-JPD 50-60 8m collapse of stones, accumulations
medioval to modern 1900 A.D. abandonment 9m-JPD 20 9m undisturbed accumulations and topsoil
Modern last 30 years between seasons accumulations 9p-JPD 10 9p between seasons accumulations


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Chart of the full chronological system

The various levels may be summarized in a tabular format as follows, from the more general to the more detailed:

definition location link
1 non-technical introduction Urkesh website: Setting Urkesh website: setting
2 wider chronological frame MZ sitewide integrative analysis: periodization
3 Urkesh Ceramics Analysis ceramics ceramics
4 sequential organization
     of strata and phases
unit book,
     synthetic view (here)
chronometry
     strata
     phases
5 full contact associations unit book,
     tabulations section
stratigraphic summaries
     depositional index
     depositional synopsis
6 strata with complete list
     of included features
unit book,
     constituent section
sequential list of strata

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