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1995 style= font="-"; size="-1"; text-align:"right" valign="top">
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Out of the Dump.//urkesh.org/BuccellatiKellyBuccellati1995-1996" target="_blank">kesh.org/BuccellatiKellyBuccellati1995-1996" target="_blank">
Writings and Photographs by Children from Guatemala.ps://urkesh.org/pages/922a.htm#0">
Translated from the Spanish by Kristine L. Franklin.
New York: Lothrop, Lee and Shepard Books.
See full text [Archive.org Library]
See abstract
This photographic book (collecting, and connecting, both poems and pictures) developed from a project started in 1991 by Nancy McGirr in Guatemala City, when she started photographing children living and working there to support their own families.
See also the website Fotokids>.
[mDP, Paul E.
– November 2019]
border="0">
cited 1nt>, 2cle of
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th="580">
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Gerth, Hand H. and Charles Wright Mills
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Gladwell, Malcolm
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2005
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Blink. The Power of Thinking without Thinking.
New York: Little, Brown and Company.
An insightful popularization of elements of psychology that are especially helpful for us in two regards. First, the role of perception in anticipating and even defining judgment (see, e.g., pp. 160-167, where he speaks of sensation transfer with regard to commercial products and advertising). Second, the interrelationship between instinct and an organized system of thought (see, e.g., his discussions about the "structure of spontaneity" on pp. 111-117; about the experts' ability to articulate instinct, pp. 176-186; or about the classification of system of facial expressions, pp. 204-208).
[gB – December 2005]
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cited
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Goldhausen, Marco and Andrea Ricci
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2005
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“Political Centralization in the Syrian Jezira during the 3rd Millennium:
A Case Study in Settlement Hierarchy,”
Altorientalische Forschungen 32/1, pp. 132-157.
See full text
Alternative version [de Gruyter]
“By the mid-3rd Millennium B.C. a massive urban development came into prominence in the dry farming belt of Northern Mesopotamia. While irrigation is the only practical agricultural strategy in the arid south, large areas of Northern Mesopotamia receive enough rainfall to facilitate an extremely productive dry farming regime. Whereas the high agricultural productivity enabled by artificial water supply with channel networks has been considered a decisive variable in the development of complexity in the south, it appears that the northern dry farming plains also had the potential to produce an agricultural surplus extensive enough to support endogenous urban development.” (p. 132).
[Urkesh/Tell Mozan in openly mentioned on pp. 133, 137; 141; 143; 146-148.]
[mDP – December 2022]
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quotes 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10
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Goody, Jack
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1986
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The Logic of Writing and the Organization of Society.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
See abstract
The aim of this book is clearly stated by the author in his preface: “This book attempts to spell out some of the general differences between the social organization of societies without and with writing and the process of transition from one to the other” (Preface, p. xi).
[mDP – November 2019]
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writing 1
writing 2
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Grafton, Anthony
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1997
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The Footnote. A Curious History.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
See full text
A thorough historical analysis of the development of the footnote in scholarly discourse, from early intimations to the full-fledged use.
[gB – December 2005]
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cited
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Haarmann, Harald
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2007
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Foundations of Culture.
Knowledge-Construction, Belief Systems and Worldview in Their Dynamic Interplay.
Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
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cited
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Hamilton, Edith and Huntington Cairns (eds.)
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Harris, Edward Cecil
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1989
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Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy,
London-San Diego-New York-Boston-Sidney-Tokyo-Toronto: Academic Press, Harcourt Brace & Company, Publishers [2nd edition; 1st edition = 1979].
See full text
See abstract
Indeed, the most important (at least for historical reasons) and well-known manual on archaeological stratigraphy.
[mDP – November 2019]
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principles: stratigraphy
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Holland, Thomas A.
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2006
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Archaeology of the Bronze Age, Hellenistic, and Roman Remains at an Ancient Town on the Euphrates River,
Excavations at Tell es-Sweyhat, Syria, Volume 2, Part 1: Text = Oriental Institute Publications 125,
Chicago: The Oriental Institute Press.
See full text
Link to other parts of the volume (figures and plates, pockets) on the Oriental Institute's website
See abstract
The volume presents a useful catalogue for the study of ceramics and figurines from ancient Syrian cities. Urkesh/Tell Mozan is specifically mentioned on p. 229, section 'Type SF.1d. Birds and Animals', dealing with horse figurines with male genitals; in this section, the following publications about Tell Mozan are quoted: Hauser 1998: 64, fn. 3; Kelly-Buccellati 1990: 54, M1.207: “A small horse with male genitals and faint incised lines on its mane” (wrong reference source: the correct reference is Buccellati, Kelly-Buccellati 1988 = Mozan 1: 54). Also the site of Terqa is mentioned on pp. 111, 120, 132, 160, 248, and table 2b.
[mDP – December 2021]
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Mozan: figurines
Terqa
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Ivanov, Vyacheslav V.
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2006
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“Comparative Notes on Hurro-Urartian, Northern Caucasian and Indo-European,”
in Ivanov, Vyacheslav V. and Vine, Brent (eds), UCLA Indo European Studies Volume 1,
e-version: online, July 1999.
See full text
This paper discusses about possible etymology for some Hurrian words. Among them, the author also considers the Hurrian word endan (well attested at Urkesh), translating the term as "king" (pp. 2-11 [PDF numbering]).
[mDP – October 2022]
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Hurrian language
endan
quotes 1; 2; 3; 4; 5
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Jabbour, Ali
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2020
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The Evolution of Defensive Elements in the Syrian Cities and Kingdoms during the Bronze Age. “Syrian Jazirah, Euphrates region, Northern Levant, Between the Early and Middle Bronze Age”
Unpublished PhD Dissertation (defended in February 2020),
Faculty of Literature and Philosophy “Arts and Humanities”,
Department of Ancient Sciences “Near Eastern Archaeology”,
“Sapienza” University of Rome,
Tutor: Prof. Dr. Davide Nadali.
See full text
The thesis presents a study about the changes that happened on the defensive elements during the Early and Middle Bronze Age in the Euphrates region, Syrian Jazirah the Upper and Lower Northern Levant.
[...] The archaeological studies that monitor the changes on the defensive elements during the Bronze Age in the Euphrates region, Syrian Jazirah, the Upper and Lower Northern Levant are very few. Therefore, this thesis can be considered as the first step towards further studies in the future, which shows the differences that have occurred in the military architecture during varied periods in the Northern Levant [from Author's Preface on p. 1].
[In this PhD dissertation, among other Syrian ancient sites, also Urkesh/Tell Mozan is included in the analisys of Mesopotamian and Syrian fortifications and defensive systems of the Early and Middle Bronze Age.]
[mDP – May 2022]
| fortifications
quotes 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8
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Jones, Siân
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1997
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The Archaeology of Ethnicity.
Constructing Identities in the Past and Present.
London and New York: Routledge.
See full text
See abstract
With this book, the author tries to reassess the way in which the past is reconstructed and interpreted on an archaeological background, defining the concept of 'ethnicity' within an archaeological framework.
[mDP – November 2019]
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ethnicity
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Kalayci, Tuna
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2013
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Agricultural Production and Stability of Settlement Systems in Upper Mesopotamia
during the Early Bronze Age (Third Millennium BCE).
PhD Dissertation, University of Arkansas.
See full text
Alternative link
“This study investigates the relationship between rainfall variation and rain-fed agricultural production in Upper Mesopotamia with a specific focus on Early Bronze Age urban settlements. In return, the variation in production is used to explore stability of urban settlement systems. The organization of the flow of agricultural goods is the key to sustaining the total settlement system.
The vulnerability of a settlement system increases due to the increased demand for more output from agricultural lands. This demand is the key for the success of urbanization project. However, without estimating how many foodstuffs were available at the end of a production cycle, further discussions on the forces that shaped and sustained urban settlement systems will be lacking. While large scale fluctuations in the flow of agricultural products between settlements are not the only determinants of hierarchical structures, the total available agricultural yield for each urban settlement in a hierarchy must have influenced settlement relations.
As for the methodology, first, Early Bronze Age precipitation levels are estimated by using modern day associations between the eastern Mediterranean coastal areas and the inner regions of Upper Mesopotamia. Next, these levels are integrated into a remote-sensing based biological growth model. Also, a CORONA satellite imagery based archaeological survey is conducted in order to map the Early Bronze Age settlement system in its entirety as well as the ancient markers of agricultural intensification. Finally, ancient agricultural production landscapes are modeled in a GIS.
The study takes a critical position towards the traditionally held assumption that large urban settlements (cities) in Upper Mesopotamia were in a state of constant demand for food. The results from this study also suggest that when variations in ancient precipitation levels are translated into the variations in production levels, the impact of climatic aridification on ancient settlement systems becomes less visible in the archaeological record.” (Author's abstract).
[The thesis mentions Urkesh/Tell Mozan several times, describing his settlement pattern in the Early Bronze Age and comparing it with those of other sites in Upper Mesopotamia.]
[mDP – January 2022]
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setting
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Kelly-Buccellati, Marilyn
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Kepinski-Lecomte, Christine
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2010
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“Turkmenistan and Northern Mesopotamia during the Bronze Period,”
in Kozhin, Pavel Mikhaĭlovich, Mikhail Fedorovich Kosarev, and Nadezhda A. Dubova (eds) 2010,
On the Track of Uncovering a Civilization. A Volume in Honor of the 80th-Anniversary of Victor Sarianidi,
Transactions of the Margiana Archeological Expedition = Fs. Sarianidi
Sankt-Petersburg: ALETHEIA, pp. 128-135.
See full text
“[...] I have been interested in all the recent discoveries, particularly those from the site of Gonur Depe. [...]. Parallels with eastern regions, notably with the Indus Valley and Elam, were deservedly developed long ago, while those with Upper Mesopotamia and more precisely with the big bend in the Euphrates have been studied much less. They might repay a major study, but in the meantime, I would like to present the case of some ritual practices, burial practices in particular” (Introduction, p. 129).
[Urkesh/Tell Mozan is openly mentioned on p. 131, where the Author discesses about platforms or terraced walls, also mentioning a structure from Area B at Urkesh: “Apart from the composite figures, I have often quoted the case of the platforms or terraced rows that were built on many sites during the third millennium, from the Khabur area to southeast Anatolia and all along the Euphrates valley. The oldest levels were covered by a terraced massif of mud bricks as, for example, at the site of Altyn Depe [...]. In the Khabur area, there are several examples and one of the oldest is at Tell Mozan, where it could date back to the Ninevite 5 period and to the second quarter of the third millennium B.C. The excavators, Giorgio and Marilyn Buccellati, have connected it to the Hurrites (Buccellatti [sic], Kelly-Buccellatti [sic], 1988, p. 59; 1999, p. 12, 13, abb. 4, 14)”.]
[mDP – November 2022]
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quotes 1, 2
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Kozhin, Pavel Mikhaĭlovich, Mikhail Fedorovich Kosarev, and Nadezhda A. Dubova (eds)
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2010
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On the Track of Uncovering a Civilization.
A Volume in Honor of the 80th-Anniversary of Victor Sarianidi,
Transactions of the Margiana Archeological Expedition,
Sankt-Petersburg: ALETHEIA,
ISBN: 978-5-91419-329-1.
See full text
A Festschrift in honor of Viktor Sarianidi.
[mDP – November 2022]
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archaeology
Margiana
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Laneri, Nicola (ed.)
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2015
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Defining the Sacred,
Oxford and Philadelphia: Oxbow Books.
See full text
See abstract
This book is entirely devoted to the definition of the concepts and practices of 'sacred' in ancient times. The volume is divided into three parts: the first one is on 'sacred nature', the second one is about 'housing the god', while the third one regards 'the materialisation of religious beliefs and practices'.
[mDP – November 2019]
|
religion
cited
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Lebrun, René and Michel Mazoyer
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2012
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“Les constructions célestes,”
in P. Azara, J. Cerruesco, F. Frontisi-Ducroux, G. Luri (eds), Arquitectures celestials,
Documenta 21, Tarragona: Institut Català d'Arqueologia Clàassica, pp. 45-49.
See full text
“Although an overall description of cities in the sky is lacking in Hittite texts, thanks to a considerable amount of data we can definitely say that the inhabitants of Anatolia believed in their existence. An analogy can be drawn with the Near and Middle Eastern civilizations, particularly those of the Biblical tradition. The celestial cities appear to have been built by the gods, who followed rites that were later used by man on earth” (Authors' abstract).
[Tell Mozan is mentioned on p. 48] in the context of the Song of Ullikummi and the Myth of Silver, about the location of the ancient city of Kumm(iy)a, where Urkesh is defined as the seat of the god Kumarbi.]
[mDP – July 2024]
|
mythology: Kumarbi
quotes 1; 2
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Leisegang, Hans
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Liverani, Mario
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1968
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“Review to: Buccellati, G. 1966, The Amorites of the Ur III Period, Pubblicazioni del Seminario di Semitistica. Ricerche I, Naples: Istituto Orientale di Napoli” [Part 1; Part 2; cf. supra],
Rivista degli Studi Orientali 43/1 (January), 119-122.
See full text
Alternative online version (JSTOR)
See abstract
M. Liverani offer a review to G. Buccellati's work on the history and archaeology of the Amorites during Ur III period, defined by the reviewer as a key-point for any study on this topic. The author further discusses the problem of Amorites' designation and definition (both as an archaeological and a philological entity, mostly focusing of the equation of Amorites with MAR.TU people), in the light of earlier and more recent onomastic data, archaeological information, and historical interpretations about these ancient people.
[mDP – November 2019]
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Amorites
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Macaulay, David
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MacDougal, Renata
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2014
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Remembrance and the Dead in Second Millennium BC Mesopotamia.
Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Leicester (School of Archaology and Ancient History).
PhD.
Dr. Davis Edwards, Thesis Supervisor.
1st September 2014.
University of Leicester's Repository
See full text (91.3 MB)
See full text (light version)
Alternative online version [Academia.edu]
See abstract
“This thesis uses Continuing Bonds Theory to reinterpret kispum, an ancient Mesopotamian family funerary practice, in a new way. Traditional scholarship has portrayed the purpose of the ritual as apotropaic, and that the family dead are feared as hostile ghosts. This study suggests that profound beliefs about life and death in Mesopotamia, and interactions between the family and deceased loved ones can be found in the material and textual evidence. A new perspective focusing on evidence from the second millennium BC in ancient Mesopotamia is used to investigate the kispum ritual using ideas from the archaeology of emotion and Death and Dying studies. Current understandings based on textual based studies and the varied traditions of archaeological investigation are introduced in Chapter 2. Then, using notions of continued bonds, new insights are explored to better understand the ongoing relationship between the living and the dead. In Chapters 3 through 6 textual sources and archaeological evidence are assessed against this background, and against each other, with attempts to correlate textual with archaeological details. In the context of ancient Mesopotamia, this thesis employs new approaches to mortuary archaeology to provide new insights suggesting ways that conventional methods may be enhanced. Finally, this study also brings us back to an archaeology of death which is interested in attitudes toward the dead” (Author's abstract, available on Academia.org, on author's personal profile).
[mDP – March 2020]
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ābi
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Makowski, Maciej
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2013
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“Anthropomorphic figurines of the second millennium BC from Tell Arbid. Preliminary report,”
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 22 (Research 2010), pp. 617-626.
See full text
ISSN 2083-537X (Online)
See abstract
Keywords: terracotta anthropomorphic figurines, Middle Bronze Age, Late Bronze Age, Khabur
Ware period, Mitanni period, Syria, North Mesopotamia.
“The collection of 2nd millennium BC anthropomorphic figurines from Tell Arbid, a site in the Khabur river basin in northern Mesopotamia, comprises just eight specimens, but it introduces some new types of representations that have not been attested so far in the region. A comparison with figurines of the 3rd millennium BC illustrates changes in the anthropomorphic minor arts of the time. Finally, some of the figurines seem to attest to the presence of motifs deriving from outside of Mesopotamia, from the Levant and Anatolia, in the iconography of the region” (Author's abstract).
[mDP – November 2019]
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human figurines
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Mansfeld, Günter
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1970
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“3. Scherben mit altkanaanäischer Schrift vom Kamid el-Loz,”
in D.O. Edzard, R. Hachmann, P. Maiberger, G. Mansfeld, Kamid el-Loz–Kumidi, Saarbrücker Beiträge für Altertumskunde, Band 7.
Bonn: Rudolf Habelt, pp.24-41.
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cited |
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Matthiae, Paolo
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2018
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Dalla terra alla storia. Scoperte leggendarie di archeologia orientale
Torino: Giulio Einaudi Editore.
See full text (Editor's Page)
See abstract
Paolo Matthiae retraces the paths towards some of the most important archaeological discoveries during the last century, from Egypt, through Syria to Mesopotamia.
[mDP – November 2019]
|
history
archaeology
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McCarthy, Andrew
|
2012
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“The End of Empire: Akkadian and post-Akkadian glyptic in the Jezirah, the evidence from Tell Leilan in context,”
in Weiss, Harvey (ed.) 2012, Seven Generations since the Fall of Akkad,
Studia Chaburensia 3,
Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 217-224.
See full text
Alternative online version
See abstract (with excerpts)
“This paper will outline the glyptic evidence from Tell Leilan and demonstrate how it corresponds to general and specific trends within the Khabur region towards the end of the 3rd millennium BC. The evidence from Tell Leilan, along with contemporary sites in the region, clearly shows an indigenous northern Mesopotamian glyptic style in the mid-3rd millennium Leilan IIId/Early Jezirah 3 (EJZ 3) period, beginning at 2600 BC [...]. The development of this glyptic style accompanies the emergence of cities and a complex administrative system that shares some uniform characteristics as a region, indicative of a regionally interdependent economy developing from its roots in the late Ninevite 5/Leilan IIId period [...]. At the same time, there is evidence of glyptic importation and blending of styles that shows extensive and sophisticated linkages with other regions” (Author's introduction on p. 217).
[Urkesh/Tell Mozan is specifically mentioned several times, mostly as a comparison for glyptic material (see excerpts in the Abstract)].
[mDP – August 2022]
|
glyptics
quotes 1, 2, 3, 4
|
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Meijer, Diederik J.W.
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2019
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“Giorgio Buccellati's Critique and Archaeological Explanation,”
in Stefano Valentini and Guido Guarducci (eds), Between Syria and the Highlands. Studies in Honor of Giorgio Buccellati and Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati, CAMNES: Studies on the Ancient Near East and the Mediterranean, Volume 3,
Roma: Arbor Sapientiae, pp. 3-7.
See full text
“This contribution takes Professor Giorgio Buccellati's recent book (2017) as a point of departure for discussionon several theoretical matters, and is meant as a token of my deep appreciation and admiration for this magnumopus of a great philologist turned great archaeologist. As they say, behind all great men there stands a greatwoman, and these lines double as a token of dear friendship and appreciation also for Marilyn” (author's abstract on p. 3).
[mDP – March 2020]
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CAR
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Michalowski, Piotr
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1951
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Tokenism.
A review article of Schmandt-Besserat 1992, Before Writing.
American Anthropologist 95 (1993), pp. 996-999.
See abstract
A critical assessment of Schmandt-Besserat's work, it raises especially two major concerns, related to the concepts of repeatability and of developing of writing.
[gB – December 2005]
[Summary adapted by mDP – November 2019]
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cited |
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Millek, Jesse Michael
|
2019
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Exchange, Destruction, and a Transitioning Society: Interregional Exchange in the Southern Levant from the Late Bronze Age to the Iron I.
Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Philosophischen Fakultät der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen.
PhD.
prof. Dr. Jens Kamlah, Thesis Supervisor.
5th May 2017.
Tübingen: Tübingen University Press.
See full text (TOC)
“The goal of this volume is to examine one key aspect of the transition from the Late Bronze Age to the Iron I in the Southern Levant, the development and changes in interregional exchange both over time and in the region as a whole. Interregional exchange is most easily seen in the appearance and disappearance of non-local material culture and materials. Twelve non-local types of material culture were collected into a database in order to track the development of interregional exchange over the course of the LBA to the Iron I. With this data, we can ask what effect if any did changes in interregional exchange have on the 'collapse' of the LBA societies in the Southern Levant. To help
answer this question, I also explore briefly the theory of collapse, and the various proposed causes for the 'collapse' at the end of the LBA in the Eastern Mediterranean along with the theories for trade and exchange in anthropology and archaeology. Another key aspect of this work is the examination of the supposed wave of destruction which took the Southern Levant by storm asking to see if these events might have affected trade and contributed to the transitions during the end of the LBA into the Iron I. In all this work seeks to see what changes took place in interregional exchange, how might destruction have affected this, and was this the cause for the transition to the Iron I” (Author's summary on p. 19).
[mDP – March 2020]
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Southern Levant
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Mora, Clelia and Mauro Giorgieri
|
2016
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“Alcuni passi del poema di Gilgamesh in due tavolette ittite inedite,”
Istituto Lombardo (Rend. Lettere) 150, pp. 171-208.
See full text
See abstract
“In this paper we present two fragments of a cuneiform tablet that contain some passages of the Gilgamesh saga in the Hittite language. They give us the opportunity to delve into some aspects concerning the rediscovery, the interpretation and the fortune of this poem widely widespread throughout the Ancient Near East. The first part of the paper deals with these general issues, while the second one focuses on the philological examination of the new fragments and the interesting contribution they offer from the content viewpoint.” (Authors' abstract on p. 171).
[mDP – April 2020]
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Gilgamesh
iconography
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Moser, Stephanie, Darren Glazier, James E. Phillips,
Lamya Nasser el Nemr, Mohammed Saleh Mousa,
Rascha Nasr Aiesh, Susan Richardson, Andrew Conner
and Michael Seymour
|
2002
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“Transforming Archaeology through Practice:
Strategies for Collaborative Archaeology and the Community Archaeology Project at Quseir, Egypt,”
World Archaeology, Vol. 34, No. 2, Community Archaeology (Oct., 2002), pp. 220-248.
Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd.
See full text
See abstract
Strong advocacy is presented for a direct involvement of the stakeholders in the interpretive process of an archaeological site. The dialog with locals should be a true two-way street, that involves serious “consultation with indigenous and descendant communities” (p. 223), evolving into a “democratic sense of archaeological practice” (p. 224). A radical theoretical stance is defended that challenges “the false distinctions between scientific, mythic and historical domains of knowledge” (p. 224): in other words, local oral history and perceptions must be placed on the same level as the archaeological analysis proper.
[gB – December 2005]
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cited 1, 2
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Nadali, Davide
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2014
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“Family Portraits. Some Considerations on the Iconographical Motif of the 'Woman with Child' in the art of the Third Millennium B.C.E.,”
in Marti Lionel (ed.), La famille dans le Proche-Orient ancient : réalités, symbolismes, et images, (RAI 55, Paris).
Winona Lake Indiana: Eisenbrauns, pp. 227-239.
See full text
Alternative online version [Academia.edu]
See abstract
The author discusses in this paper some concepts related to the depiction of family scenes in third-millennium BC Near East, on different supports: statuettes (both in clay and metal), glyptic tradition, clay plaques, bas-reliefs and ivory panels.
[mDP – November 2019]
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Uqnītum's glyptic
Zamena's glyptic
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Nadali, Davide and Andrea Polcaro (eds.)
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2015
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Archeologia della Mesopotamia antica
Manuali Universitari 166,
Roma: Carocci.
See full text (editor's webpage)
Index
See abstract
This handbook devoted to the analysis of Mesopotamian archaeology is divided into five parts, dealing with history and geography, from the Chalcolithic to the Neo-Assyrian period.
[mDP – November 2019]
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history
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| Nyarko-Mensah, Paul
|
2023
|
Proverbs 31:10-31 From a Ghanaian and (Akan) Womanist
Perspectives - Inculturation and Liberation Hermeneutics Approach
PhD dissertation in Philosophy (Old Testament studies), Faculty of Theology and Religion, University of Pretoria
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Dirk J. Human
See full text
“The Akan culture does not treat women the same way it treats its men; there are gender related roles among the Akan cultural practices. Matrilineal inheritance notwithstanding, the Akan woman always plays the second option to her male counterpart. This is obvious in the selection for inheritance which always goes for a male even for nephews, appointments to public office, which follows the same trend no matter her contribution to that society.
The objectives of the study included the investigation of the context of the marginalization and dehumanizing cultural practices among the Akan of Ghana and to ascertain how the virtues of the industrious woman in Proverbs 31:10-31 and the cultural situation of the Akan woman can elucidate each other.
Inculturation and Liberation hermeneutical methodology were used to study the poem. In this methodology every aspect of the explanation is carefully influenced by the perspectives of the receptor community (Akan of Ghana), their past experiences and cultural practices as a people. Proverbs 31:10-31 is well preserved with few variants which suggest that the poem could have been an adaptation from a male heroic poem. This is made manifest by the several masculine variants in a poem that is meant to eulogise a woman. The presence of Late Biblical Hebrew (LBH) vocabulary and Aramaisms suggest post-exilic Persian period influence on the text.
It is most probable that the industrious woman in Proverbs 31:10-31 is a literary creation by a post-exilic poet, as an antithesis of the historic moral and social failures of the Hebrew womanhood during the 8th century B.C.E. for didactic purpose. This is aimed at the moral and social reengineering of the Hebrew society. It is most probable that Ezra might have had a hand in either the writing, redaction or the editing of the poem of Proverbs 31:10-31.
With the help of contextual methodology (inculturation and Liberation Hermeneutics) the cultural condition of the Akan woman of Ghana is seen as silent champion instead of a slave and marginalized gender. The Akan woman is empowered for the good of the Akan society with the emulation of the virtues of the Industrious woman of Proverbs 31:10-31. Future studies could aim at the contribution of some Akan women who managed to shatter the glass ceiling of male dominance for the good of the Akan society, the role and identity of such women would help demystify the misconception about the role and place of women in the Akan society.” (Author's abstract, pp. 5-6).
[Buccellati, G. and Kelly Buccellati 2002 is listed (mistakenly referred to as "Buccellati, G., & Buccellati, M.K., 1995") in the final bibliography (p. 212) and quoted on p. 61, with reference to “records to the effect that there were some males working as employees of [...] these women of royal status”.]
[mDP – July 2024]
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quotes1
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| Oakes, Guy and Arthur J. Vidich
|
1999
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Collaboration, Reputation, and Ethics in American Academic Life: Hans H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills.
Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
An insightful study of the collaboration between two prominent scholars, whose uneven successes and reciprocal struggles are analyzed in detail, the book clarifies one aspect that is important for our website (and archaeological work in general), namely the aspect of collective authorship – or, as they describe it, “the distribution of knowledge and power in collaboration and its importance in the social production of authorship, academic reputation and intellectual authority” (p. 9, italics mine).
[gB – December 2005]
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cited
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| Oates, David, Joan Oates and Helen McDonald
|
1997
|
Excavations at Tell Brak.
Vol. 1: The Mitanni and Old Babylonian Periods.
McDonald Institute Monographs.
London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq.
See full text
See abstract
The volume presents the results of the excavations at Tell Brak for what concerns the Mittanian and Old Babylonian periods.
[mDP – November 2019]
|
cited
|
Back to top
| Oppenheim, A. Leo
|
1958
|
“An Operational Device in Mesopotamian Bureaucracy,”
Journal of Near Eastern Studies 17, pp. 121-128.
See full text [JSTOR]
Publication of a bulla from Nuzi (about 1400 B.C.) that contained 48 small objects called “stones” in the text inscribed on the bulla. The author reconstructs the administrative system that made use of these “tokens” (as the “stones” may be interpreted), whereby each object represented a specific animal. He also collects evidence from other texts where the same “stones” are shown to have been in regular use in Syro-Mesopotamia.
[gB – December 2005]
|
cited
|
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| Oppenheim, A. Leo, Robert H. Brill, Dan Barag and Axel von Saldern
1970
|
Glass and Glassmaking in Ancient Mesopotamia.
Corning, New York: The Corning Museum of Glass.
An Edition of the Cuneiform Texts which Contain Instructions for Glassmakers with a Catalogue of Surviving Objects.
|
cited
|
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| Otten, Heinrich
|
1950
|
Mythen vom Gotte Kumarbi: neue Fragmente
Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 3
Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
[mDP – March 2021]
|
mythology: Kumarbi
|
| |
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Otto, Adelheid
|
2013
|
“Königssiegel als Programm -; Überlegungen zum Selbstverständnis altorientalischer Herrscher und zur Deutung der Tierkampfszene,”
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie 103/1, pp. 45-68.
See full text
Alternative version (De Gruyter)
“Seals were ideal media for the dissemination of pictorial ideas. The motifs on royal seals allow insights into the self-image of the ancient oriental rulers. For this purpose, all the 109 known seals of Mesopotamian and Syrian kings and their family members are collected and illustrated here for the first time. It turns out that almost all of the seals depicted either the ruler himself in his godly or warlike aspect, or scenes of animal battles. It is argued that the animal fighting scene served as a metaphor for the ruler's function as the guardian of law and order” (Author's abstract; English translation from German by mDP).
[Some seals from Urkesh/Tell Mozan are discussed in this paper; they are all briefly listed on p. 53, nos 20-24, with pictures on p. 60.]
[mDP – October 2022]
|
glyptics
glyptics: Tupkish
glyptics: Uqnitum
glyptics: Tar’am-Agade
quotes 1, 2
|
Back to top
Özyar, Aslı
|
2014
|
“Anatolia from 2000 to 550 BCE,”
in Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn (eds), The Cambridge World Prehistory, chapter 3.10, pp. 1545-1570.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Online ISBN: 9781139017831. Hardback ISBN: 9780521119931.
Book DOI.
Chapter DOI.
See full text
See abstract
The paper, chapter 3.10 of the wider The Cambridge World Prehistory summarizes the history of Anatolia from 2000 to 550 BC, passing through the Middle Bronze Age (2000-1650 BC) [pp. 1545-1550], the Middle Bronze Age (1650-1200 BC) [pp. 1550-1560], and the Iron Age (c. 1200-550 BC) [pp. 1560-1565].
[mDP – March 2020]
|
Anatolian history
|
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| Palumbo, Gaetano
|
2001
|
“Sheltering an Archaeological Structure in Petra. A Case-study of Criteria, Concepts, and Implementation,”
Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 5, pp. 35-44.
“In 1993 an architectural competition for the construction of a shelter over a Byzantine church excavated in Petra between 1991 and 1992 was held by the American Center of Oriental Research in Amman, Jordan. While a prize was awarded, none of the concepts presented were translated into a construction project. A contract was instead awarded to architect Robert Shutler, who worked in close cooperation with Jordanian and international archaeologists and heritage managers, and a reversible space-frame shelter was built. This paper examines the issue of defining criteria for shelter construction, and stresses the need for cooperation among stakeholders and specialists as part of the conservation process from the decision to shelter to the implementation of the project” (Author's abstract on Academia.edu).
Assessment of the checkered history of a broad base shelter project. The surprising outcome of a competition was that two first prizes were awarded, but no commission was given for implementation.
[gB – December 2005]
[mDP – April 2020]
|
cited
conservation
|
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| Perini, Silvia and Cunliffe, Emma
|
2015
|
Towards a protection of the Syrian cultural heritage: A summary of the national and international responses Volume III (Sept 2014 - Sept 2015)
Newcastle: Newcastle University ePrints (in association with Heritage for Peace)
See full text
DOI
“During this last year and since the publication of the report Towards a protection of the Syrian cultural heritage: A summary of the international responses. Volume II (March 2014 – September 2014) [...], and its preceding volume (“March 2014 Report”), many more crucial activities have been undertaken towards the protection of the Syrian heritage. There is thus a need to create an update of such activities. However, the majority of the organisations/groups listed in the September 2014 report are now working in collaboration within each other to develop new projects leading to a considerable increase in collaborative projects. Because of this major change from the previous years, the format of this report presents a new shape that reflects such changes: new activities are now listed under the broad classifications of “action type” instead of an alphabetic list of “organisations/groups”.” (from Authors' introduction, p. 197).
[An insightful report about activities and outreach about conservation of Syrian heritage; Urkesh is openly mentioned at p. 13 (In the Eye of the Storm at Tell Mozan (May 2014 – ongoing)) and p. 46 (In the Eye of the Storm: Archaeology in the Midst of War in Syria (27 Feb 2015)).]
[mDP – July 2024]
|
heritage preservation
|
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| Popa, Elena Isabela
|
2016
|
Agency of Women in Mesopotamian Religion of the Second Millennium BC
PhD Dissertation (History), submitted in 2015,
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Gheorghe Vlad Nistor,
University of Zurich/University of Bucharest (Faculty of Theology).
See full text
Alternative version [ZORA]
“The main research topic of this dissertation was to explore and analyze women's religious agency in Mesopotamian religion and how it influenced the status of women inside the society they lived in. Using a large variety of sources such as letters, laws, ritual and cultic texts, prophetic texts, magic and medical texts, incantations, prayers and hymns, I first tried to depict religious actions or gestures that women were able to perform. After identifying their actions, be them specific or common with those of men, be them individually or supervised, consciously enacted or under possession, I approached them using an interdisciplinary approach, combining specific concepts from the field of religious studies with those coming from women and gender studies areas, such as patriarchy and kyriarchy, all of them passing through the filter of agency.” (from Author's summary, p. 197).
[Urkesh is openly mentioned at p. 7 (cf. also fn. 10), where the Author mentions Tarߴam-Agade, the daughter of Naram-Sin.]
[mDP – April 2023]
|
religion
quotes 1
|
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| Price, Max D.
|
2020
|
Evolution of a Taboo. Pigs and People in the Ancient Near East
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
See full text
Editor's Page
“From their domestication to their taboo, pigs and their shifting roles in the ancient Near East are among the most complicated topics in archaeology. Rejecting monocausal explanations, this book adopts an evolutionary approach and draws upon zooarchaeology and ancient texts to unravel the cultural significance of swine from the Paleolithic to today. Five major themes emerge: the domestication of the pig from wild boar in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, the unique functions of pigs in agricultural economies before and after the development of complex societies, the raising of swine in cities, the changing ritual roles of pigs, and the formation and evolution of the pork taboo in Judaism and, later, Islam. The development of this taboo has inspired much academic debate.
I argue that the well-known taboo described in Leviticus reflects the intention of the biblical writers to craft an image of a glorious pastoral ancestry for a heroic Israelite past, something they achieved in part by tying together existing food traditions. These included a taboo on pigs, which arose early in the Iron Age during conflicts between Israelites and Philistines and was revitalized by the biblical writers. The taboo persisted and mutated, gaining strength over the next two and a half millennia. In particular, the pig taboo became a point of contention in the ethnopolitical struggles between Jewish and Greco-Roman cultures in the Levant. Ultimately, it was this continued evolution within the context of ethnic and religious politics that gave the pig taboo the strength it has today” (Author's abstract).
[mDP – June 2022]
|
ābi
pigs and piglets
quotes 1, 2, 3
|
Price, Max D. & Wolfhagen, Jesse
Back to top
Recht, Laerke
|
2019
|
Human Sacrifice,
Cambridge Elements. Religion and Violence.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
See full text (Editor's Page)
Flyer
See abstract
“Sacrifice is not simply an expression of religious beliefs. Its highly symbolic nature lends itself to various kinds of manipulation by those carrying it out, who may use the ritual in maintaining and negotiating power and identity in carefully staged 'performances'” (Author's abstract).
[mDP – November 2019]
|
sacrifice
|
|
|
|
2022
|
The Spirited Horse. Equid-Human Relations in the Bronze Age Near East,
Ancient Environments Series,
London, New York, Oxford, New Delhi, Sydney: Bloosbury Academic.
See cover and table of contents
Publisher webpage
“Presenting a new perspective on human–animal relations in the ancient Near East, this volume considers how we should understand equids (horses, donkeys, onagers and various hybrids) as animals that are social actors. Recht brings together a wealth of new data, including Bronze Age Near Eastern material culture from a range of archaeological contexts with equid remains as well as iconography and texts. She looks in particular at finds of equids themselves from burials, sacred space and settlements alongside associated artefacts such as chariots and harnesses.
This is the first time the agency of animals is recognized. The study is essential reading for prehistorians, archaeologists and those studying early animal domestication, showcasing how humans encounter and interact with other animals, and how those animals in turn interact with humans. Recht outlines the broader implications for human involvement with their environment, both today and in the past, and points to further study in a number of focused appendices” (publisher's description).
[mDP – October 2022]
|
animal figurines
|
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Renn, Jürgen, Wilhelm Osthues, Hermann Schlimme (Hrsg.)
|
2017
|
Wissensgeschichte der Architektur
Band I: Vom Neolithikum bis zum Alten Orient,
Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge Studies 3.
Edition Open Access.
See full text
Alternative online version
Publisher webpage (reading online, PDF, EPUB)
“The history of building is based far into the modern age on practical knowledge traditions of craftsmen, builders and architects. [...]
The knowledge underlying the great building achievements of the past and its development is the subject of the history of knowledge in architecture presented here [...]. The research, the main results of which are presented here, has concentrated on central aspects of the history of knowledge in architecture, in particular on planning knowledge, material knowledge, structural engineering knowledge and logistical knowledge. [...].
The first volume (Studies 3) deals with these aspects for the Neolithic and the Ancient Near East. [...] The various epochs are covered by systematically structured overview articles on building knowledge. Additional research contributions focus on individual aspects of building knowledge and their background” (publisher's description; English translation from German by mDP).
[mDP – May 2022]
|
architecture
quotes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
|
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Ristvet, Lauren and Harvey Weiss
|
2001
|
“The Ḫābūr Region in Old Babylonian Period”,
in W. Orthmann, P. Matthiae, M. al-Maqdissi (eds.), Archéologie et Histoire de la Syrie I. La Syrie de l'époque néolithique à l'âge du fer, Schriften zur vorderasiatischen Archäologie 1,1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 257-272.
See full text
See abstract
This paper deals with the reconstruction of two settlement hiatuses occurred in the Ḫābūr Region in Old Babylonian period, as testified by the results of the recent ten archaeological surveys and eight excavations undertaken in that region, leading to the discovery of new documentary sources.
[mDP – November 2019]
|
cited
history
|
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| Roaf, Michael
|
1990
|
Cultural Atlas of the Ancient Near East.
Oxford: Facts on File.
A well informed and readable account, with plenty of maps and illustrations.
[gB – December 2005]
|
geography
history
archaeology
|
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| Rohn, Karin
|
2011
|
Beschriftete mesopotamische Siegel der Frühdynastischen und der Akkad-Zeit
OBO, Series Archaeologica 32,
Fribourg, Göttingen: Academic Press, Vandenhoeck Ruprecht.
See full text
See abstract
This volume, offering an analysis of the inscribed seals of the Early-Dynastic and Akkadian periods is divided into 13 chapters, presenting different iconographic scenes: 1) general (chronological and typological) introduction to the topic; 2) animal hunting scenes; 3) banquette scenes; 4) struggles of gods scenes; 5) presentation, adoration and audience scenes; 6) various other scenes; 7) stamp seals; 8) legends; 9) the Sun-sign; 10) the use of sealings; 11) general conclusion; 12) summary; 13) appendix about bifacial seals, seals not included in the catalogue, the catalogue with bibliography, indices and concordances.
[mDP – November 2019]
|
glyptics: Tupkish
glyptics: Uqnitum
glyptics: courtiers
glyptics: Tar’am-Agade
|
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| Rossi, Marco
2003
|
“'Drill-holes – Lewis-holes' a Ebla: Evidenze e considerazioni,”
Contributi e materiali di archeologia orientale 9, pp. 223-268.
See full text
Alternative online link [Academia.edu]
In contrast to standard interpretations, and using especially the rich evidence from Ebla, the author suggests that drill holes in large stone blocks served to anchor pegs and ropes used in dragging the stones and setting them in place within their respective masonry.
[gB – December 2005]
|
manufacturing
|
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Roux, Georges
1964
|
Ancient Iraq.
Penguin.
See full text
A plain, but thorough, introduction to the historical development of ancient Syro-Mesopotamia. It has been kept updated in several successive editions.
[gB – December 2005]
|
history
|
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Sallaberger, Walther and Aage Westenholz
|
1999
|
Mesopotamien. Akkade-Zeit und Ur III-Zeit.
OBO 160/3,
Fribourg, Göttingen: Academic Press, Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht.
[herausgegeben von Pascal Attinger and Markus Wäfler].
See full text
See abstract
This double-author book offers an overview on the history of Mesopotamia during the Akkadian and Ur III periods.
[mDP – November 2019]
|
history
|
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Salvatori, Sandro
|
2010
|
“Thinking around grave 3245 in the 'Royal Graveyard' of Gonur (Murghab Delta, Turkmenistan),”
in Kozhin, Pavel Mikhaĭlovich, Mikhail Fedorovich Kosarev, and Nadezhda A. Dubova (eds) 2010,
On the Track of Uncovering a Civilization. A Volume in Honor of the 80th-Anniversary of Victor Sarianidi,
Transactions of the Margiana Archeological Expedition = Fs. Sarianidi
Sankt-Petersburg: ALETHEIA, pp. 244-257.
See full text
“Excavations carried out by V.I. Sarianidi at North Gonur since 1992 provided the most
impressive evidence of a complex proto-urban phenomenon. Sarianidi's involvement in Central Asia archaeology is well known to western scholars since its beginnings in the fifties of the last century. Among the many places where he worked are Northern Afghanistan, the Meana-Chaacha area and the Murghab delta (Turkmenistan). His work has disclosed the important role played by Southern Central Asia in the political, economic and ideological complexity of third and second millennium BC societies, states and chiefdoms, from the Mediterranean shores to the Indus Valley and the Persian/Arabian Gulf” (p. 244).
[Urkesh/Tell Mozan is openly mentioned on p. 250, mistakenly spelled as "Tell Mazyan", speaking about 14C dating from samples coming from Urkesh.]
[mDP – November 2022]
|
quotes 1
|
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Sanders, Akiva
|
2014
|
Fingerprints and the Organization of the Ceramic Industry Over Time at Tell Leilan. Gender and the State in Northern Mesopotamia during the Earlyand Middle Bronze Age.
Thesis, University of Pensylvania, Department of Anthropology.
Thesis advisor: Dr. Lauren Ristvet.
See full text
Alternative version
“The goal of my research is to elucidate the organization of ceramic production at Tell Leilan with respect to gender roles during from 3400 to 1700 BCE through a study of fingerprint impressions on pottery. I have developed and tested a technique for determining the proportion of men and women who formed and finished vessels in a certain ceramic assemblage using the distribution of epidermal ridge densities. There is a discrete change in the sex of potters at Leilan with the rise of urbanism and state formation at the site, but there is no alteration in this pattern that correlates with changes in the various regimes that had hegemony over the site over time during the Early and Middle Bronze Age. This result informs us about the effect of state authority on the public and private organization of crafts as well as the division of society along gender lines. Surprisingly, the change that occurs with the rise of the state at Tell Leilan does not occur at village sites in the Leilan Regional Survey. This result indicates that the changes in social fabric that occurred at urban sites with the establishment of state institutions did not occur to the same extent in hinterland settlements even though the state did control some of the ceramic production at these sites, at least during the Akkadian period. This methodology and research should allow for further evaluation of the highly theoretical literature on the relationship of gender to craft production in the ancient world” (Author's abstract on p. 2.)
[Urkesh/Tell Mozan is openly mentioned on pp. 14, 21-23, and 37.]
[mDP – October 2022]
|
quotes 1, 2
|
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Schmandt-Besserat, Denise
|
1977
|
“An Archaic Recording System and the Origin of Writing,”
Syro-Mesopotamian Studies 1/2, pp. 31-70 (pp. 1-32 of the individual monograph).
See full text
The first monograph (published by Undena Publications under the sponsorship of IIMAS) that launched her series of studies on the tokens.
[gB – December 2005]
|
cited
1,
2
history
archaeology
|
|
1992
|
Before Writing.
Austin: University of Texas Press.
The complete documentary publication of the tokens, with full documentary apparatus:
link.
[gB – December 2005]
|
cited
1,
2,
3,
4
history
archaeology
|
|
2007
|
When Writing Met Art.
Austin: University of Texas Press.
A slender volume, the latest in the series on the tokens and writing, it explores the impact of literacy on visual art, and, conversely, of artworks on writing. Even though it is stronger in the exegesis of individual pieces than on matters of theory, and even though it does not take sufficiently into consideration the critique of her earlier work (see in particular Lieberman and Michalowski), this essay is of interest for a consideration of those modes of thought that are co-terminous with the development of writing.
[gB – December 2005]
|
cited
1,
2
history
art
style
|
Back to top
Schroer, Silvia (ed.)
Back to top
van der Sluijs, Anthony Marinus and Peter James
|
2012
|
“'Silver': A Hurrian Phaethon,”
JANER, Vol. 12 (2012), pp. 237-251.
See full text
See abstract
This paper is devoted to compare the figure of the classical mythological figure of Phaethon (from Ovid's Metamorphoses 1. 750-2. 400) with his possible precursor, i.e. the Hurrian deity 'Silver', mentioned in the Song of Silver .
[mDP – November 2019]
|
mythology: Kumarbi cicle
|
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Stanley Price, Nicholas
1995
|
“Excavation and Conservation,”
in N. Stanley Price (ed.), Conservation on Archeological Excavations,
Rome: ICCROM, pp. 1-9.
See full text
See full volume
A programmatic document for both “immovable” and movable items.
[gB – December 2005]
|
cited
conservation
|
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Starr, Richard F.S.
1939
|
Nuzi.
Report on the Excavations at Yorgan Tepa Near Kirkuk, Iraq conducted by Harvard University in Conjunction with the American Schools of Oriental Research and the University Museum of Philadelphia, 1927-1931.
Vol. I: Text. Volume II: Plates and Plans.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Vol. I (text): See full text
Vol II (plates and plans): See full text
See abstract
These two volumes offer the publication of the excavation seasons 1927-1931 conducted at Nuzi by the joining mission of the Harvard University, the American Schools of Oriental Research and the University Museum of Philadelphia.
[mDP – November 2019]
|
cited
|
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Steymans, Hans Ulrich
|
2010
|
Gilgamesch: Ikonographie eines Helden,
OBO 245,
Fribourg: Vanderhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen.
See full text
See abstract
This volume collects contributions (both in German and in English) from eleven scholars, all regarding the iconography and the widespread diffusion of the image of Gilgamesh in different areas.
[mDP – November 2019]
|
Gilgamesh
iconography
|
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Suter, Claudia E.
|
2008
|
“Who are the Women in Mesopotamian Art from ca. 2334-1763 BCE?,”
Kaskal 5, pp. 1-55.
See full text
The paper investigates the role of women in ancient Mesopotamia analyzing different artistic and visual representations, mostly sculpture and glyptic (paragraph 1). The second paragraph discusses about the distinction between high priestesses and other women, while paragraph 3 presents statuettes of court women. Paragraph 4 offers a brief overview on court women on dedicatory reliefs, while paragraph 5 talks about the identification of human figures on seal images. Paragraph 6 is devoted to 'textually identified royal women', and paragraph 7 analyzes the figures of women in banquets. Paragraph 8 presents scenes where women are presented as libating, while paragraph 9 describes the figures of women before a deity (presentation scenes). Paragraphs 10-11 present figures of women before a superior woman or before a king, respectively. Paragraph 12 sketches the conclusions: “Royal women were represented in public in the form of statuettes set up in temples and they were depicted on public monuments, such as a stela. On seal images that circulated within state administration, they participate in state ceremonies or cult festivals alongside the king, are received in audience by a deified king, receive themselves subordinates in audience and direct women's cult festivals. Non-royal women [...] are received in audience by a royal superior, participate in women's cult festivals and pay homage to
goddesses” (p. 26).
Urkesh/Tell Mozan in mentioned on pp. 13-14 (about Tar’am-Agade and Uqnitum), and fig. 34 (=S 35 in the author's catalogue listed on pp. 27-42) displays a sealing of queen Uqnitum [seal q2] (after Buccellati and Kelly Buccellati 1996, fig. 4b).
[mDP – March 2020]
|
Uqnitum's seal q2
|
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| Tarontsi, Saak
|
2023
|
“Hurrian Tree of Life as Historical-Originational Foundation for Meaningful Symbol of Urartian Sacred Tree”
ARURAT 2024, pp. 4-58
See full text
“The following article titled “Hurrian Tree of Life as Historical-Originational Foundation for Meaningful Symbol of Urartian Sacred Tree” is devoted to preliminary research efforts of finding the essential data concerning the overall role of sacred symbols in the continuity of ethniclinguistical traditions of ancient entities after the fall of their statehoods. As the initial effort of identifying the major indicators of civilizational continuity of ancient ethnicities in conditions of changing their statehood formations, the search for special objects with ritual-worshipping importance is initiated. From the numerous choices of special objects, the particular type of sacred object with specially attached symbolical meaningfulness is chosen – the sacred symbol of Tree of Life or Sacred Tree. At the beginning of the article the observation of the particular geographical region of Asia Minor is conducted, with the underlining of importance of Anatolian civilizations and statehoods for the ancient world’s civilizational evolutionary development. The proposition of division of Anatolian entities into “worlds” or “domains” is presented, and, based on the civilizational identities and linguistic principle, the modeling of Anatolian civilization is asserted by the base of division on two parts – West Anatolia as Hatti/Hittite and East Anatolia as Hurrian-Urartian domains, with the note that such division is established based on certain chronological periods of historical events’ happenings, and, in no way doesn’t intend to exclude previous or later civilizations of the region from their historical roles. [...]” (Author's abstract, p. 4-6).
[Urkesh/Tell Mozan is mentioned on pp. 25 (“The very fact of this narrative-contextual combination is once again authenticated by a seal found in the Hurrian city of Urkesh (Tell-Mozan) [sic], on which there are episodic descriptions of a ritualistic nature, including the scene of the sacrifice of a bull, where its decapitated body is held upside down by the sacrificers. The
representation of the tree of Life (Picture 18) is tree structure ending in upper part with a pomegranate; the fruit of life is placed on its top and the head of the sacrificed bull is under this tree”).]
[mDP – July 2024]
|
quotes1
|
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Tufte, Edward Rolf
Back to top
Van Loon, Maurits and Giorgio Buccellati
|
1969
|
“The 1968 Excavation at Korucutepe Near Elâziǧ,”
Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi 17/1, pp. 79-82.
See full text
Alternative online version (Academia.edu)
“A team from the University of Chicago and the University of California, Los angeles, spent its first season in the Keban Dam area investigating the stratigraphy and pottery sequence at the medium-size mound in the Altınova plain, Korucu Tepe near Aşaǧı İçme. The north side of the mound consists of Early Bronze Age (third millennium B.C.) and earlier deposits” (p. 79).
[mDP – January 2020]
|
Korucutepe
|
|
1970
|
“Şikago ve Kalifornia Üniversiteleri 1968 Korucutepe Kazısı Raporu/The University of Chicago-University of California Excavations at Korucutepe - 1968,”
METU Keban Project Publications 1/1, pp. 73-102 (Turkish: pp. 73-88 ; English: pp. 89-102); with a note of Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati on p. 87 (Turkish = English, p. 102).
See full text
“The University of Chicago-University of California (Los Angeles) team working at Korucutepe from August 25 to November 26, 1968, concentrated mainly on obtaining a section through the successive deposits of the mound and establishing the pottery assemblage characteristic of each period represented. The preliminary results of the pottery study are here offered in some detail in the hope that they may be of use in dating ancient habitation remains uncovered elsewhere in the Keban Dam area” (p. 89).
[mDP – January 2020]
|
Korucutepe
|
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Veenhof, Klaas and Jesper Eidem
|
2008
|
Mesopotamia. The Old Assyrian Period.
OBO 160/5,
Fribourg, Göttingen: Academic Press, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
[herausgegeben von M. Wäfler].
See full text
See abstract
This co-author volume displays the history and society of Mesopotamia during the Old Assyrian period.
[mDP – November 2019]
|
history
|
Back to top
Venkatesan, Mahalakhshmi I., Timothy W. Linickt, Hans E. Suess
and Giorgio Buccellati
|
1982
|
“Asphalt in carbon-14-dated archaeological samples from Terqa, Syria,”
Nature 295 (no. 5849), 517-519.
See full text
See abstract
This paper defines the possible analysis of the role of asphalt in defining a precise radiocarbon (14C) dating.
[mDP – November 2019]
|
methodology
|
|