https://urkesh.org/MZ/A/A20/D/K/0101.htm

Unit Book A20

A20k101

Processed on 2024-07-27

1. OVERVIEW

Roster Date Author Record
Summary 2008-09-12 lR This area was excavated mostly in the later half of the excavation season and was previously excavated by area J1 then renamed A19 but subsumed by A20 thus no pottery lots or features technically exist under the label A19 with future plans to relabeled everything as A19. The stratigraphy was reconstructed using old notes and drawings for k101 excluding the easternmost locus since it was excavated all the way down to phase 2. The features that were present were incorporated into A20, given new feature numbers and re-described. No attempts were made to correlate earlier accumulations above these features to A20. k101 was the most interesting and deepest excavation area consisting of a large one room structure, a5, flanked by a stone courtyard to the west f108. The room was constructed of mudbrick walls with the walls from a1 structure abutting the walls of a5. A thin vertical brick wall was found along the western edge of a5 forming presumably an inner wall. The inside of a5 proved strange, with vertical bricks clustered together found inside followed by a stone installation and bricks in the northwestern corner. The stone installation f136 resembles an outline or cyst type tomb but as to why this is inside a room in unclear. The entrance to the structure is also unknown presumably in the south. [Input: S912LR.j]

2. IDENTIFICATION

Designation

Roster Date Author Record
Description (summary) 2008-08-13 yM S of k15,E of k4 [Input: S813YM2.j]

3. STRATIGRAPHY

Recovery/Assignment

Roster Date Author Record
Daily notes about recovery of elements 2008-08-05 lC Today we continued to excavate f78, probably a fill (abandonment) inside the structure constituted by the walls f84 and f85. The area is quite disturbed because it is close to the section of A19k98 and it has been exposed for some years. [Input: S805LC.j]
2008-08-10 lR In k101, attempted to find a good surface for f94 by first removing the softer fill around the broken top bricks but this only showed a jumble of collapsed and broken bricks. We then cut the top layer, removing 10 cm to see if better bricks surfaced. Another 10 cm was removed, concluding that f94 is not a wall. [Input: S810LR2.j]
2008-08-14 lR Excavated in k101, removing the eastern baulk to connect the wall f115 to f85 and the walls to the east, f116 (from A19). Wall f115 was noted as being fully constructed with vertical bricks slightly at an oblique angle alongside horizontal bricks f109, at a lower elevation. The vertical bricks f115 are in line with f46 wall from a1. [Input: S816LR.j]
2008-08-16 lR In k101, the area south of a2 was excavated, continuing to remove f94. This feature has been redefined as brickfall and not a wall. The east baulk was continued from S814, removing another 10 cm today exposing several vertical brick faces. The southern area, bricks are also present, likely the cross wall enclosing f116, f115, of a larger one room structure. [Input: S816LR.j]
2008-08-17 lC Today we continued to remove the baulk between our k101 and the old A19k99, looking for the continuation of the vertical mud brick wall f115. After removing f119, considered as a fill inside the structure, we found more vertical bricks just above the bricks already exposed, in the northern part of the baulk. Towards the west we didn't find more bricks and tomorrow we will continue to excavate f119. In the northern part of k101 we continued to remove the brickfall f94 in order to find a good face of wall f84 that seems to continue towards the west. At the beginning we thought that the mud bricks belonged to structure a2, but after rethinking the situation we realized that the bricks are horizontal (not vertical like a2) and thus pertinent to the wall f84. So it seems that the structure a2 abuts in part the wall, but the situation is still unclear. While cleaning the north sections, looking for the face of the wall f84, we found some courses of mud bricks above two courses of stones that could be the foundation of the wall, but only in the eastern part of the wall for about 100 cms in length. Towards the west only three courses of bricks are preserved and they seem to be lying above different layers of accumulation, ashy layer and red/orange soil, maybe bricky or burnt material. In the western section of the k101 we found some hard gray bricks, forming probably a wall, preserved for at least three courses. The sure presence of the wall and its relationship with the other features are still to be checked. Almost at the end of the morning in the north-western corner of k101, below the brown soil of f94, a compact gray soil was uncovered, maybe bricky material, that tomorrow we will uncover. [Input: S817LC.j]
2008-08-17 lR In k101, we continued to remove the east section which we are very close to the level of the walls f115 and f85. Vertical bricks were found in the southern end of the baulk, oriented east to west and look very similar to the bricks that f115 is constructed but at a higher elevation (one course higher). These are only 4 bricks with no more vertical bricks found in section. The section on the eastern face was scraped well today, showing faint lines of vertical faces as well in section. It is unclear if f115 forms the cross wall closing the structure to the east, f116, or if f109 wall closes the structure. f116 is constructed of horizontal bricks which would suggest that the cross wall would also be horizontal bricks. f109 are horizontal, so if this is the case then why is a wall made of vertical bricks immediately east of the outer wall. Perhaps f115 forms a bench. [Input: S818lR.j]
2008-08-18 lR In k101, another 15 cm was removed from the north section, finding a wall f126 running west to east. Wall f125 was further defined, this wall is located in the western edge of k101 running north to south, possibly the cross wall for f126. Wall f127 appears to abut f40 on the southern end; these are a series of horizontal bricks that go down several courses then ends approximately 15 cm then f126 wall emerges underneath. At first we assumed that wall f84 continued to run west, so that f127 and f84 was the same wall. This however is not the case. While removing f120, stones emerged, west of f85 wall. These stones continue to go down; at the moment are 3 stones deep but stop to the west. A thick vertical line is also visible where the stones end which would then make f84 a discrete wall with stone foundations at its western edge and another wall, f127 built in the west that abuts f84. [Input: S818lR.j]
2008-08-19 lR Today, k101 was open and A18 cleaned for photographs. This morning the north section of k101 was drawn. This section is not the true north section of k101, it is actually our cut into k14 but shows nicely the wall f127 which we plan to remove today. After the section was drawn we then photographed the section, including overhead, oblique, and direct north views. The wall was removed in section, beginning in the eastern area working west, leaving a small section to see the horizontal bricks from two sides. We then proceeded to continue removing the bricks to west, then cleaned out the section and photographed it again. What was in view was bricky material sitting on a nice row of horizontal bricks then several centimeters below, a layer of reddish fine clay appearing similar in shape and size to bricks but much softer than brick. Another layer was removed, moving north and this time removing f40 vertical bricks to expose another layer of the horizontal bricks behind. In the west, more stones surfaced to the north, in line with the stones from wall f125. It is unclear if these stones continue north, if so then a2 was built over f125 wall. One course of bricks was removed by accident from f126 wall but they continue below and rearticulated. Wall f126 contains many phytolith inclusions in the bricks mixed with elongated splinters of charcoal. We also cleaned the west and south sections of k101 or A19k98 for two reasons; first the sections are rather unsteady and dangerous from years of weathering and were cut back to make them safer and secondly, to cut a new surface and expose fresh bricks and colors. The entire day was spent cutting these two sections back then we proceeded to clean up the area east of the baulk near f116. I assumed that the backfill would be shallow but after working inside, the soil is deeper coming down on plastic around 20 cm deep. Tomorrow we will continue to remove the backfill and expose the floor surface from inside the structure, a5. [Input: S818lR.j]
2008-08-23 lC Today we continued to remove f119 south and north to the vertical bricks f137. In the northern half we uncovered part of a nice floor; f142, that we will finish to uncover tomorrow. In the southern half we preceded more slowly because of the presence of some mud bricks and we have to check if they are simply broken bricks from a brickfall or some kind of installations. At the end of the morning a skull of a small animal was found just next to the southern section of k101. [Input: S823LC.j]
2008-08-24 lC We started to clean the square from the dirt arrived during the night because of the sand storm. lR and lC also started to remove other vertical bricks of the a2 but after one hour of work we stopped due to the storm and we went to work in the house. [Input: S824LC3.j]
2008-08-25 lC today we removed the accumulation f120, south of the mud brick wall f126, uncovering the floor type c f144. Tomorrow we will take photos of f144 and then we will excavate the floor trying to go down to the level of the stone pavement f108, to understand the link between it and the pavement f132. In the south of the locus we removed the vertical bricks f137 uncovering more oblique bricks belonging to the f138. We also continued to remove f119 in the southern part of k101 between f115 and f138. [Input: S825LC.j]
2008-08-26 lC Today we concentrated our efforts in k101. Some photos were taken, then we removed the floor f144 and the accumulation underneath it f145. About 10 cm above the pavement f108 we made a new feature for the accumulation right above the pavement. Removing this f146, we uncovered other stones belonging to the pavement, but also a strange row of mud bricks, just 10 cm on top of the pavement that seems to be slightly semicircular in shape. This row is constituted by two rows of thin vertical bricks with in the middle flat small bricks for a total thickness of about 40 cm. Then in order to have a clear face for the mud brick wall, f126, we removed some broken bricks we thought to be part of the wall, but that later revealed just as fallen broken bricks so we removed about 40 cm of accumulation f120 south to the wall f126 that now appears to be closer to the north section of k101. In the southern part of k101 we finished to uncover the floor f142 removing the accumulation f119 between the f138, the wall f115 and the south baulk. Then we started to remove part of this floor in its northern half in order to reach the level of the stones f148 inside a5. [Input: S826LC.j]
2008-08-27 lC Today we removed the mud brick wall f149 found yesterday, in order to see if the stones of the pavement f108 were continuing toward north. If they were continuing underneath the wall f126 or the layers below the pavement f132, it means that the pavements f132 and f108 were not contemporary, with the f108 earlier. But since the stones are stopping next to some mud bricks, it is still possible that the two pavements are contemporary with a stepped organization of the structures. In the southern part we finished to remove the accumulation f119 next to the oblique mud brick f138 uncovering the floor f142. Just north to it we finished to remove the accumulation f147 uncovering the stone installation f148, before only in part visible and some mud bricks, maybe belonging to a wall, f151. [Input: S827LC.j]

Volumetric Localization

Roster Date Author Record
Elements within locus 2008-07-29 lR f65 (topsoil) [Input: S802LR.j]
2008-08-04 sE f75 (brickfall), f78 (fill) [Input: S810LR3.j]
2008-08-06 yM f84 (wall) [Input: S810LR3.j]
2008-08-06 lC f85 (wall) [Input: S810LR3.j]
2008-08-09 lR f94 (wall) [Input: S810LR3.j]
2008-08-24 lC f108 (pavement, type b), f109 (wall), f110 (st is), f111 (layer) [Input: S824LC.j]
2008-08-16 lR f115 (wall), f116 (wall), f119 (fill) [Input: S824LC.j]
2008-08-18 lC f120 (accumulation), f125 (wall), f126 (wall), f127 (wall) [Input: S824LC.j]
2008-08-23 sE f133 (wall), f134 (pavement, type b), f135 (floor, type b), f136 (stone installation), f137 (installation), f138 (installation) [Input: S831LC.j]
2008-08-23 eE f139 (layer) [Input: S831LC.j]
2008-08-23 lC f142 (floor, type a) [Input: S831LC.j]
2008-08-25 lC f144 (floor, type c) [Input: S831LC.j]
2008-08-26 lC f145 (accumulation B), f146 (accumulation A), f147 (accumulation B), f148 (stone installation) [Input: S831LC.j]
2008-08-27 sE f149 (wall) [Input: S831LC.j]
2008-08-27 lC f151 (wall) [Input: S831LC.j]
2008-08-14 yM q97 (bones, pottery) [Input: S817YM.j]
2008-07-30 lR q118 (pottery) [Input: S805YM.j]
2008-07-30 sE q124 (bones, pottery) [Input: S805YM.j]
2008-08-06 sE q146 (bones, pottery) [Input: S806YM.j]
2008-08-05 sE q149 (pottery), q150 (bones, pottery), q152 (items, pottery) [Input: S805YM.j]
2008-08-06 sE q159 (bones, pottery) [Input: S806YM.j]
2008-08-10 eE q189 (bones, pottery) [Input: S810YM.j]
2008-08-14 sE q200 (bones, pottery) [Input: S817YM.j]
2008-08-16 sE q203 (bones, pottery), q204 (bones, items, pottery) [Input: S817YM.j]
2008-08-17 yM q209 (bones, pottery), q210 (bones, pottery) [Input: S817YM.j]
2008-08-18 yM q216 (bones, items, pottery), q219 (bones, items, pottery), q221 (pottery) [Input: S818YM2.j]
2008-08-19 yM q222 (bones, items, pottery) [Input: S822YM1.j]
2008-08-20 sE q224 (pottery) [Input: S822YM1.j]
2008-08-21 sE q229 (items, pottery), q233 (pottery) [Input: S822YM1.j]
2008-08-23 eE q234 (pottery), q235 (pottery), q238 (items, pottery) [Input: S822YM1.j]
2008-08-25 sE q241 (bones, pottery), q242 (pottery) [Input: S826YM.j]
2008-08-25 lC q247 (bones, items, pottery), q248 (bones, pottery) [Input: S826YM.j]
2008-08-26 sE q251 (bones, pottery), q252 (bones, pottery) [Input: S826YM.j]
2008-08-26 lC q254 (pottery) [Input: S826YM.j]
2008-08-26 sE q255 (bones, items, pottery), q257 (pottery), q258 (bones, pottery), q259 (pottery) [Input: S826YM.j]
2008-08-27 yM q260 (items, pottery) [Input: S901YM2.j]
2008-08-27 sE q261 (bones, items, pottery) [Input: S901YM2.j]
Extension of locus or q-lot 2008-08-13 yM m3766 [Input: S813YM2.j]
Length of two sides 2008-08-13 yM 500E [Input: S813YM2.j]
2008-08-13 yM 500N [Input: S813YM2.j]

6. REFERENCE

Analogical Record

Roster Date Author Record
View/drawing of locus

v62
2008-08-06 yM [Input: S812LC.j]

v78
2008-08-14 lC [Input: S820LC.j]

v87
2008-08-14 lC [Input: S824LC2.j]

v87a
2008-08-14 lC [Input: S824LC2.j]

v96
2008-08-19 sE [Input: S828LC.j]

v97
2008-08-19 sE [Input: S828LC.j]

v97a
2008-08-19 sE [Input: S828LC.j]

v104
2008-08-20 sE [Input: S901LC2.j]

v105
2008-08-21 sE [Input: S901LC2.j]

v106
2008-08-21 sE [Input: S901LC2.j]

v106a
2008-08-21 sE [Input: S901LC2.j]

v107
2008-08-23 lC [Input: S901LC2.j]

v108
2008-08-23 lC [Input: S901LC2.j]

v109
2008-08-23 lC [Input: S901LC2.j]

v110
2008-08-23 lC [Input: S901LC2.j]

v110a
2008-08-23 lC [Input: S901LC2.j]

v111
2008-08-23 lC [Input: S901LC2.j]

v112
2008-08-23 lC [Input: S901LC2.j]

v113
2008-08-23 lC [Input: S901LC2.j]

v114
2008-08-23 lC [Input: S901LC2.j]

v115
2008-08-25 lC [Input: S901LC2.j]

v116
2008-08-25 lC [Input: S901LC2.j]

v116a
2008-08-25 lC [Input: S901LC2.j]

v117
2008-08-25 lC [Input: S901LC2.j]

v118
2008-08-25 lC [Input: S901LC2.j]

v119
2008-08-25 lC [Input: S901LC2.j]

v119a
2008-08-25 lC [Input: S901LC2.j]

v122
2008-08-26 lC [Input: S903YM.j]

v124
2008-08-26 lC [Input: S903YM.j]

v125
2008-08-26 lC [Input: S909LC.j]

v125a
2008-08-26 lC [Input: S909LC.j]

v126
2008-08-26 lC [Input: S909LC.j]

v127
2008-08-26 lC [Input: S909LC.j]

v128
2008-08-26 sE [Input: S909LC.j]

v128a
2008-08-26 sE [Input: S909LC.j]

v129
2008-08-26 sE [Input: S909LC.j]

v132
2008-08-27 yM [Input: S909LC.j]

v133
2008-08-27 yM [Input: S909LC.j]

v134
2008-08-27 yM [Input: S909LC.j]

v135
2008-08-28 lC [Input: S909LC2.j]

v136
2008-08-28 lC [Input: S909LC2.j]

v137
2008-08-28 lC [Input: S909LC2.j]

v138
2008-08-28 lC [Input: S909LC2.j]

v138a
2008-08-28 lC [Input: S909LC2.j]

v139
2008-08-28 lC [Input: S909LC2.j]

v139a
2008-08-28 lC [Input: S909LC2.j]

v144a
2008-08-28 lC [Input: S909LC2.j]

v146
2008-08-28 lC [Input: S909LC2.j]

v147
2008-08-28 lC [Input: S909LC2.j]

v151
2008-09-06 lC [Input: S915LC.j]

v152
2008-09-06 lC [Input: S916LC.j]

v157
2008-09-06 lC [Input: S916LC.j]

v161
2008-09-15 lC [Input: S917LC4.j]

v161a
2008-09-15 lC [Input: S917LC4.j]
v163
2008-09-15 lC [Input: S917LC4.j]