https://urkesh.org/MZ/A/J04/D/K/0072.htm

Unit Book J4

The Eastern Top of the Main Staircase (Version 1a)

J4k72

Processed on 2026-01-20

1. OVERVIEW

Roster Date Author Record
Best image 2026-01-11 yM
v31 [Input: ZK111yM.j]
2026-01-11 yM L_W24d0113 J4w0093 ZK111 yM [Input: ZK111yM.j]

3. STRATIGRAPHY

Recovery/Assignment

Roster Date Author Record
Daily notes about recovery of elements 2006-08-16 sC Today we continued digging f14 with the big pick all the unit (q31, q36). The idea of using the S baulk as a "ramp" to remove the dirt from the area worked really well. Two other floating stones appeared from today's excavation within this unit; since they look to be in the same line as f19 (the floating stone close to the W section), I decided to attribuite them the same feature number, i.e. f19.1 (r14, r15, r16, r17), f19.2 (r18, r19, r20, r21), f19.3 (r22, r23, r24, r25). I am aspecting to expose some others tomorrow, as we are reaching the same elevation of k82. f14 is characterized a very fine texture and is a bit clayish (it leaves color on fingers). We have almost reached the same elevation of the bottom of the German trench C2 in k71, therefore, by tomorrow morning (prob. before breakfast) I will move the workmen to k62. The surface that we are exposing, looks a bit different in colour (it is a bit reddish). Finished day by cleaning most of the area (in the S area there is some dirt left from today's excavation) and respective baulks. [Input: Q816SC.j]
2006-08-26 sC Today we start to remove the E baulk (f47, q104). A small portion is left from today excavation. [Input: Q826SC.j]
2006-08-27 sC Today we finshed to remove the E baulk (f47, q108) and start digging in the square, while bWP put new markers. The new markers is: m4392 (SW corner). Since in the last days we have been removing the E baulk in this square, as well as in other square, we assigned a new feature number to the natural accumulation in k74 (f54) in order to avoid possible contamination in the pottery. We treated f54 as a topsoil layer, therefore, after one pick run (q112) we change again feature number (f60) in order to avoid possible contamination in the pottery belonging to the accumulation below. f54 is the same of f14, the accumulation directly above. f60 is the same of f54, as well as of f13 in k73. f60 is characterized by the presence of phytolits, and presents a lamination structure. It looks like if sometimes in the past this accumulation has been exposed to water/rain and then compacted. The phytolits are spread uniformily within all the square and give a very compact structure the soil. f60 is very fine in texture, is a bit clayish (leaves color on fingers) and it is characterized by a reddish coloration. f60 is poor in pottery sherds (q115). We decided to expose completey f60 at the top elevation of m4392 +117 -155; at this elevation the surface is uniform and presents only few cm in difference among the top and bottom elevation (top elevation m4392 +117 -155; bottom elevation of m4392 +123 -155). [Input: Q827SC.j]
2006-08-28 sC Today we continued digging f60 in k72 (q118, q122, q123, q125). f60 is characterized by the presence of phytolits spread in all the square; these give a very compact consistence the soil. We have noticed that at the elevation of m4392 +130 –144, the feature it characterized in the NW corner by a very compact soil, rich in phytolits and a reddish in colour; in the NE corner (E to stone f12) by the presence of small stones and pebbles (the latter in a random position). The NE portion of k72, characterized by the presence of small stones, is 130W and 80m S to m4252. It is likely that the stone f12 separated and influenced the deposition witin the N portion of the square. The phytolits in the NW corner of the unit seems to be laminations (these layers of compact soil can be easily separated by using the small pick). At the same elevation, a compact surface characterized by the presence of small stone and pebbles, and small pottery sherds (i.e. not lying horizontally) has been exposed also in the central area of the square. We decided to assigne a new feature number to this surface, f63. As for f60, also f63 is characterized a small slope from N to S (the difference is only few cms in elevation). dM took a general view of k72 (v35, v35a), and we start digging f63 with the big pick in all the unit (q127, q131, q132). When removed, f63 had a platy structure, probably due to the presence of the phytolits. At the end of the day, at the elevation of m4401 +110 -162 the feature is characterized by a reddish colour, especially in the NW corner of the unit. Here, the soil is very fine in texture, a bit clayish and very compact. The S area of the square, instead, is characterized by a light brown colour, it is very fine in texture (a bit clayish); the soil is compact and soft in consistence. [Input: Q828sC.j]
2006-08-31 sC Today we started to remove the E baulk in k72, which is aproximately 20 to 40cm in height (f47, q175). It is still left a small portion to remove. [Input: Q831sC.j]
2006-09-02 sC Today we finished to remove the E baulk in k72: from yesterday excavation was left a small portion, aproximately 15cm in height (f47, q183, q186). We then start removing f63 in all the square for approximately 3-5cm (q188), but we did not finished to remove it in the S area of the square. We exposed a very compact surface which is the same of f66 in k62 and f67 in k63 (i.e. a very compact surface with bricky material, light brown/greyish in color) [Input: Q902sC2.j]
2006-09-04 sC Today we start digging again in k72. We start by removing some floating stones and their pedestal: i.e. f12 in the N baulk of k72 (and its pedestal f98, q214), f19.2 and f19.3 close to the W section (with their pedestal f100, q215), and f101.1 and f101.2 close to the W section of the square (with their pedestal f102, q213). Before their removal, we took the relay of each of them (r71 for f19.2, r72 for f19.3, r73 for f101.1 and r74 for f101.2) and then dM took a general view of these stones of k72 (v58, v58a). Tomorrow we start digging f103 in the whole unit. [Input: Q904SC.j]
2006-09-05 sC Today we started by removing the dirt left from yesterday excavation from the removing of f103. We then start digging f103 (q218). Since I have been asked for workmen we stop digging here, clean the whole unit, and then I send the team working here to J3. Another floating stone has been found in the pedestal of stone f12, f98. I thus assigne a new feature number to this floating stone (f106) and to its pedestal (f107). During the cleaning of the whole locus a tannur has been exposed in the SW area of the square (f112). [Input: Q905SC.j]
2006-09-09 sC Today we continued digging f103 in k72 (q230, q236, q241). The feature is characterized by the presence of melted bricks, which gave to the feature a very compact surface. In the S area of the square some melted bricks have been exposed. These are in line with the bricks of f93 in k73. In the SE corner and close to E section of the square some tannur fragments have been noticed. [Input: Q909SC.j]
2006-09-10 sC Today we continued to dig f103 in k72 (q248). While digging in the N area of the square. we start exposing a very compact surface. This is characterized by a very hard surface, which presents small fragment of bricks and little stones (<2mm). This surface slopes toward s, and between the N and S area of the square there are approximately 15-20cm difference in elevation. The surface exposed looks like the "mud glacis" that Jim and rE have been exposing in J3 in this season. f103, instead, it is characterized by a very compact surface, which presents fragments of bricks, which are completely melted. [Input: Q910SC.j]
2006-09-11 pC today we finished to remove f103. Under f103 we found f127, which covers the whole unit. As we tried to follow it we noticed that it was sloping sharply to the E and to the S portion of the square (while we were following it, one of the workmen made a cut in the middle of it in the N portion of the square; the missing portion of f127 is a small area of approx. 80cmx50cm. f127 presents the same characteristics of the glacis in J3: it is characterized by a very compact and hard surface, with small pebbles of chalchoar, few sherds and some baqaya. [Input: Q911PC.J]
Strategy (projected or implemented) 2006-09-09 sC Tomorrow we will continue digging f103. We will try to understand better the relationship between the tannur and the bricks in the S area of the square. [Input: Q909SC.j]
Notes on recovery 2010-03-01 sC The mud-brick structures exposed in locus k72 (in the E baulk of the locus and wall f161-f162) were not completely exposed in the 2006 excavation season since -with the exception of f93, the bin structure- have been found at the end of the excavation season; for this reason only the top 'face' of these structures has been exposed. [Input: U301SC.j]
2010-03-01 sC It could be that the bricks found while scraping the section of the E baulk of k72 and k73 (visible in v100 and v101) that we thought could be part of a possible mud-brick wall running N-S just below the baulk, are instead bricks belonging to the collapse of structures located in the S portion of the J04 or more probably in the north portion of J06 area (bf^2), and are part of brickfall bf^1, the brick-melt accumulation that is the top-most part of bf^2. [Input: U301SC.j]

Volumetric Localization

Roster Date Author Record
Elements within locus 2006-08-12 vn f2 (topsoil) [Input: Q813PC.j]
2006-08-12 cc f5 (accumulation D) [Input: Q813PC.j]
2006-08-12 sc f8 (accumulation D)
f12 (isolated stone) [Input: Q813PC.j]
2006-08-15 mnh f14 (accumulation D) [Input: Q815MNH.j]
2006-08-14 sc f19 (isolated stone)
f20 (isolated stone) [Input: Q815MNH.j]
2006-08-24 as f47 (mix feature) [Input: Q903PC2.j]
2006-08-27 sc f54 (accumulation D) [Input: Q903PC2.j]
2006-08-27 pc f60 (accumulation D) [Input: Q903PC2.j]
2006-08-28 as f63 (dump^1) [Input: Q903PC2.j]
2006-09-04 sc f98 (accumulation D)
f99 (isolated stone)
f100 (accumulation D)
f101 (isolated stone)
f102 (accumulation D)
f103 (dump^1) [Input: Q922PC.j]
2006-09-05 sc f106 (isolated stone)
f107 (accumulation D)
f112 (tannur (feature)) [Input: Q922PC.j]
2006-09-12 sc f127 (glasis)
f128 (accumulation D)
f129 (accumulation D) [Input: Q922PC.j]
2006-08-12 cC q2 (pottery) [Input: ZH522yM.j]
2006-08-12 mH q6 (pottery)
q8 (pottery) [Input: ZH522yM.j]
2006-08-13 aS q10 (pottery) [Input: ZH522yM.j]
2006-08-13 sc q13 (pottery) [Input: Q823PC.j]
2006-08-13 mnh q16 (pottery) [Input: Q823PC.j]
2006-08-14 hb q18 (pottery) [Input: Q823PC.j]
2006-08-14 as q21 (pottery) [Input: Q823PC.j]
2006-08-14 mnh q22 (pottery) [Input: Q823PC.j]
2006-08-15 cc q24 (pottery) [Input: Q823PC.j]
2006-08-15 pC q29 (pottery) [Input: ZH522yM.j]
2006-08-16 aS q31 (pottery) [Input: ZH522yM.j]
2006-08-16 hB q36 (pottery) [Input: ZH522yM.j]
2006-08-17 cc q39 (pottery) [Input: Q819MNH.j]
2006-08-26 as q104 (pottery) [Input: Q826PC1.j]
2006-08-27 aS q108 (pottery) [Input: Q829vN.j]
2006-08-27 cC q112 (pottery)
q115 (pottery)
q117 (pottery) [Input: Q829vN.j]
2006-08-28 cc q118 (pottery) [Input: Q829vN.j]
2006-08-28 vn q122 (pottery) [Input: Q829vN.j]
2006-08-28 as q125 (pottery) [Input: Q829vN.j]
2006-08-28 vn q127 (pottery) [Input: Q829vN.j]
2006-08-28 pC q131 (pottery) [Input: Q829vN.j]
2006-08-28 vN q132 (pottery) [Input: Q829vN.j]
2006-08-29 vN q133 (pottery) [Input: Q829vN.j]
2006-08-31 vn q175 (pottery) [Input: Q904PC4.j]
2006-09-02 cc q183 (pottery) [Input: Q904PC4.j]
2006-09-02 vN q186 (pottery)
q188 (pottery) [Input: ZH522yM.j]
2006-09-04 pc q213 (pottery)
q214 (pottery)
q215 (pottery) [Input: Q906VN.j]
2006-09-05 cc q218 (pottery) [Input: Q906VN.j]
2006-09-09 pC q230 (bones, pottery)
q236 (pottery) [Input: Q910VN.j]
2006-09-09 sC q241 (pottery) [Input: Q910VN.j]
2006-09-10 vN q248 (bones, pottery) [Input: Q910VN.j]
2006-09-11 vn q258 (bones, pottery) [Input: Q910CC.j]

6. REFERENCE

Analogical Record

Roster Date Author Record
View/drawing of locus

v1
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v1a
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v2
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v3
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v4
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v14
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v14a
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v31
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v31a
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v32
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v32a
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v32b
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v32c
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v32d
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v33
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v34
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v34a
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]
v34b
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]
v34c
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v35
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v35a
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v38
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v38a
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v40
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v40a
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v51
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v51a
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v51b
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]
v51c
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v51d
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]
v51e
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v56
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v56a
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v56b
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v56c
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v58
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v58a
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v59
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v59a
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v59b
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v61
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v61a
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v61b
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v61c
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v62
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC2.j]

v73
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC3.j]

v73a
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC3.j]

v73c
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC3.j]

v73d
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC3.j]

v74
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC3.j]

v76
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC3.j]

v76a
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC3.j]

v76b
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC3.j]

v76c
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC3.j]

v76d
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC3.j]

v76e
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC3.j]

v97
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC3.j]

v98
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC3.j]

v100
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC3.j]
v103
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC3.j]
v103a
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC3.j]
v103b
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC3.j]
v104
2010-03-21 sC [Input: U321SC3.j]

p1
2026-01-10 yM [Input: ZK110yM.j]

p2
2026-01-10 yM [Input: ZK110yM.j]

p3
2026-01-10 yM [Input: ZK110yM.j]

p4
2026-01-10 yM [Input: ZK110yM.j]